奥巴马联大系列演讲的人际意义研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 15:02

【摘要】：语言是交流的基本媒介,在社会生活中具有重要作用,其最重要的功能之一是表达人际意义。人际意义关注交际过程中人们如何选择语言与听话人建立并保持交际关系,表达对事物的看法,并影响对方的态度和行为。联合国大会由联合国全体会员国共同组成,各国代表均可发表演讲,表达自身关心的问题,阐明立场,发出倡议。先前研究主要是从政治学等角度对联大演讲内容进行回顾和评论,而对联大演讲内容的人际意义研究还相对缺乏。贝拉克·奥巴马作为美国影响力最大的总统之一,最近四年连续在联合国大会上代表美国发言,其演讲内容值得关注和研究。本文以韩礼德提出的语气、情态和人称系统作为人际意义研究的理论框架,从白宫官网选取奥巴马最近四年联大演讲文本进行研究。研究根据演讲文本建立语料库,并对语料进行仔细标注,运用Antconc3.2.3进行数据统计,探究奥巴马联大演讲语篇中三种系统的实现情况以及各种语言特征的分布情况,并采取定性的研究方法,分析了三种系统实现人际意义的具体方式。研究表明,语气系统、情态系统、人称系统在奥巴马联大演讲中都有体现。从语气系统来看,陈述语气的使用占主导地位,祈使语气和疑问语气使用较少。可见,奥巴马主要是在呈现信息,传达个人观点和政治观念。从情态类型来看,奥巴马选择意态多于情态,希望获取听众支持,说服听众采取行动。情态倾向以隐性主观和显性主观为主,突出的主观倾向表现出权力的使用和对当前局势采取行动的决心。在情态三级值中,中量值情态占主导地位,其次是低量值和高量值情态。中量值情态表达态度方式温和,避免了演讲内容出现极端,更有利于听众接受。从人称系统来看,第一人称代词的运用占主导,其次是第三人称和第二人称代词。第一人称代词的大量使用,旨在缩短演讲者与听众之间的距离,赢得信任,树立美国和演讲者的权威。研究结果显示,奥巴马恰当选择语言,与听众建立亲密关系,向听众传达个人观点和建议,号召听众采取行动,实现了语言的人际意义。人际意义的实现影响听众认知,使听众更容易接受演讲者观点和提议,进而改变态度、采取行动。本研究证明了语气、情态、人称系统用于分析人际意义的可行性,在提高学习者语言批判意识、演讲撰写能力,以及演讲话语评价能力等方面具有积极地应用启示。
[Abstract]:Language is the basic medium of communication and plays an important role in social life. One of its most important functions is to express interpersonal meaning. Interpersonal meaning focuses on how people choose language to establish and maintain a communicative relationship with their hearers, express their views on things, and influence their attitudes and behaviors. The United Nations General Assembly is composed of all member States of the United Nations, and representatives of all countries can make speeches, express their concerns, clarify their positions and issue initiatives. Previous studies mainly reviewed and commented on the speech content of the General Assembly from the angle of political science, but the interpersonal meaning of the speech content of the General Assembly is relatively lacking. Barack Obama, one of the most influential presidents in the United States, has been addressing the United Nations General Assembly for the past four years. This paper takes Halliday's tone, modality and person system as the theoretical framework of interpersonal meaning research, and selects Obama's speech texts from the White House website for the last four years. In this paper, a corpus is built according to the speech text, and the corpus is carefully annotated, and the Antconc3.2.3 is used to carry out the data statistics to explore the realization of the three systems and the distribution of various language features in the speech discourse of Obama General Assembly. The qualitative research method is adopted to analyze the specific ways of realizing interpersonal meaning in three systems. Research shows that mood system, modality system and person system are embodied in Obama's speech. From the perspective of mood system, the use of declarative mood is dominant, imperative tone and interrogative tone are less used. Clearly, Obama is mainly in the presentation of information, personal views and political ideas. In terms of modality type, Obama chose meaning over modality, hoping to win the audience's support and persuade the audience to take action. The dominant tendency of modality is implicit subjective and explicit subjective. The prominent subjective tendency shows the use of power and the determination to take action on the current situation. Among the three levels of modality, medium value modality is dominant, followed by low value modality and high value modality. Medium-valued modality expression attitude is mild, avoid the extreme content of the speech, more conducive to the acceptance of the audience. From the perspective of personal system, the usage of first-person pronouns is dominant, followed by third-person pronouns and second-person pronouns. The extensive use of first-person pronouns aims to shorten the distance between speakers and listeners, win trust and establish the authority of the United States and speakers. The results show that Obama has realized the interpersonal meaning of the language by choosing the right language, establishing a close relationship with the audience, conveying personal views and advice to the audience and calling on the audience to take action. The realization of interpersonal meaning influences the audience's cognition and makes it easier for the audience to accept the speaker's views and suggestions, and then change their attitude and take action. The present study proves the feasibility of using mood modality and person system to analyze interpersonal meaning and has positive implications in improving learners' language critical awareness speech writing ability and speech discourse evaluation ability.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

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