虚拟交际理论视域下的英语直接引语复合词研究
发布时间：2018-11-11 19:44
【摘要】：人类的语言是由各种词汇组成的,对于语言学习,词汇起着非常重要的基础作用。而在纷繁复杂的英语词汇世界里,复合词更是其中的一支主力。它也得到了国内外学术界的广泛关注。本研究的探究对象是英语名词性复合词范畴之下的直接引语复合词,它是英语名词性复合词大家庭中相对新颖但却不可或缺的成员之一。直接引语在英语中是个非常重要的语法概念。它不仅属于语法、语用范畴,也应归于认知范畴。因为在直接引语中,说话者引用了别人的语言,也是一种转述别人思想的过程。直接引语复合词实际上就是直接引语通过与名词的组合配对形成的。在这其中,认知起着关键作用,它就是将一种现象反射或应用于其他现象的过程,也就是虚拟交际、概念整合及范畴化的认知过程。直接引语复合词是一种通过复合法形成的新颖的名词复合词。它不仅在词汇语法上体现了英语语法构词创新的灵活,而且也是一种认知思维过程。在这一过程中,认知思维的想象能力被突出了。英语直接引语复合词是一种普遍的语用现象。例:“Who cares who”attitude.从它的结构我们可以看出,直接引语复合词是由直接引语+名词复合组成的,具有直接引语与名词的双重特点。它虽属名词性复合词的范畴之下,但却与一般的名词性复合词(例:evening school,dressmaking)有所区别。它的一个突出特点是名词之前的修饰语不再是一个单词,而是一个句子、从句、短语或对话,即句子/从句/短语/对话+名词,这就是虚拟交际的体现,句子、从句、短语或对话把自身的语境映射到中心名词之上,更能体现出中心名词的语境与内涵,同时使得双方交流得更为顺畅。作者认为直接引语复合词是英语中一种特殊的语法现象,它并不是英语基础语法中的内容,而是语法内容的再创造(组合)使用。就如Lakoff(1974:321)所谈及的“句法杂烩(syntactic amalgams)”。这种语法内容的再创造使用与人们的认知方式是密切相关的。本研究从美国当代英语语料库(COCA)及Google,百度等主流综合性搜索引擎选取英语直接引语复合词作为研究对象,以虚拟交际理论,交际语言学理论以及相关认知语义理论作为理论基础,采用内省与实证相结合的研究方法,结合实例对收集的直接引语复合词的语料进行分析论证。本文尝试探究以下研究问题:1.英语直接引语复合词的语用功能是什么?它们是如何实现的?2.英语直接引语复合词是如何体现虚拟交际的?3.英语直接引语复合词的认知动因是什么?研究表明,英语直接引语复合词的主要实现方式是“(限定词)+句子/从句/短语/对话+名词”,它们各自有着自己的特点。根据表达的需求,它们不仅可以表达语言使用的简洁性和经济性,也可以表达细致的语境。而且,作为新颖创造性的复合词,英语直接引语复合词的使用也是人类认知思维的体现。隐喻,转喻,范畴化以及概念整合都是英语直接引语复合词的认知动因。除此之外,英语直接引语复合词在正式和非正式语体中都有使用,它们有着表达情感态度、作为媒介桥梁、体现具体行为以及划分特定范畴等作用,这与帕斯卡(Pascual)等学者之前的研究结果相似。人们的思维不是固定的,而是会基于表达与想象的需求再创新,笔者称之为“使用需求创新”,它与语用也是紧密相连的。由此,我们可以得出语用需求、认知思维与语法创新三者是一个统一体,并且相辅相成。综上所述,英语直接引语复合词以简洁的表达形式反映了人们认知思维的复杂过程,展现出了语言发展的动态性,提升了语言的创新能力,体现了语言的整合能力,满足了语言的使用需求,丰富了语言的表达功能,拓展了语言的语法形式。
[Abstract]:The human language is composed of various words, which plays a very important role in language learning and vocabulary. In the complicated English vocabulary, the compound word is one of the main forces. It has also received extensive attention from the academic circles at home and abroad. The research object of this study is a direct-language compound word under the category of English-term compound words, which is one of the relatively new but indispensable members in the family of English-term compound words. The direct language is a very important grammatical concept in English. It is not only a grammatical and pragmatic category, but also to the cognitive category. Because in the direct language, the speaker refers to other people's language, is also a process of transferring the thought of others. In fact, the direct language compound word is formed by the combination of the direct language and the noun. In this, cognition plays a key role, which is the process of reflecting or applying a phenomenon to other phenomena, that is, the cognitive process of virtual communication, concept integration and categorization. The direct language compound word is a novel noun compound word formed by the compound method. It is also a kind of cognitive thinking process not only in the vocabulary grammar, but also in the innovation of the English grammar. In this process, the imagination of cognitive thinking is highlighted. English direct language compound words are a common pragmatic phenomenon. Example: 鈥淲ho cares who鈥漚ttitude. From its structure, it can be seen that the direct language compound word is composed of the direct language and the noun compound, and has the dual character of the direct language and the noun. Although it is in the category of the term compound word, it is different from the general term compound word. One of its outstanding features is that the modifier before the noun is no longer a word, but a sentence, clause, phrase or dialogue, that is, a sentence/ clause/ phrase/ dialogue + noun, which is the expression of the virtual communication, the sentence, the clause, Phrases or dialogues map their context to the central noun, which can reflect the context and connotation of the central noun, and also make the two parties communicate more smoothly. The author holds that the direct language compound is a special grammatical phenomenon in English, and it is not the content in the English basic grammar, but the re-creation (combination) of the grammatical content. as mentioned in Lakoff (1974: 321). Syntactic amalams 鈥，
本文编号：2325941
[Abstract]:The human language is composed of various words, which plays a very important role in language learning and vocabulary. In the complicated English vocabulary, the compound word is one of the main forces. It has also received extensive attention from the academic circles at home and abroad. The research object of this study is a direct-language compound word under the category of English-term compound words, which is one of the relatively new but indispensable members in the family of English-term compound words. The direct language is a very important grammatical concept in English. It is not only a grammatical and pragmatic category, but also to the cognitive category. Because in the direct language, the speaker refers to other people's language, is also a process of transferring the thought of others. In fact, the direct language compound word is formed by the combination of the direct language and the noun. In this, cognition plays a key role, which is the process of reflecting or applying a phenomenon to other phenomena, that is, the cognitive process of virtual communication, concept integration and categorization. The direct language compound word is a novel noun compound word formed by the compound method. It is also a kind of cognitive thinking process not only in the vocabulary grammar, but also in the innovation of the English grammar. In this process, the imagination of cognitive thinking is highlighted. English direct language compound words are a common pragmatic phenomenon. Example: 鈥淲ho cares who鈥漚ttitude. From its structure, it can be seen that the direct language compound word is composed of the direct language and the noun compound, and has the dual character of the direct language and the noun. Although it is in the category of the term compound word, it is different from the general term compound word. One of its outstanding features is that the modifier before the noun is no longer a word, but a sentence, clause, phrase or dialogue, that is, a sentence/ clause/ phrase/ dialogue + noun, which is the expression of the virtual communication, the sentence, the clause, Phrases or dialogues map their context to the central noun, which can reflect the context and connotation of the central noun, and also make the two parties communicate more smoothly. The author holds that the direct language compound is a special grammatical phenomenon in English, and it is not the content in the English basic grammar, but the re-creation (combination) of the grammatical content. as mentioned in Lakoff (1974: 321). Syntactic amalams 鈥，
本文编号：2325941
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