时间所指框架视角的英汉时间隐喻对比研究

发布时间：2018-11-21 15:50

【摘要】：概念隐喻理论指的是我们的日常生活中遍布着的隐喻,不仅在语言方面,也在思维和行为上有所体现(莱考夫和约翰森,1980),这一理论在思维和语言之间架起了一座桥梁。概念隐喻理论包括结构隐喻、方向隐喻和实体隐喻。在时间隐喻中,时间是目的域,另一个概念就是源域,30多年来,时间隐喻的研究主要集中在时间的表征形式和时间隐喻的中英对比上,时间所指框架视角的英汉时间隐喻的研究是极少的。本论文从时间所指框架的角度分析中英时间隐喻的相同点和不同点,覆盖了本论文的研究内容。时间所指框架包括指示所指框架、序列所指框架和绝对所指框架,表述着对应的时间关系,过去和将来,更早和更晚,以及矩阵时间关系。以每个框架所体现的本质时间关系为基础,随机选出英国国家语料库和北京大学中国语言学研究中心语料库中同义的1000个语料,进行研究。通过对语料时间关系的主观判断和统计,总结出英汉时间隐喻的相同点和不同点。本论文研究的相同点有:指示所指框架中,人们都可以面向未来,背对过去;指示所指框架和序列所制框架中,一些可以映射到空间的英语词语可以对等到汉语的表达中,而且表达的时间关系也相同;序列所指框架垂直维度中的high/高和deep/深在此次收集的语料中表达时间关系的频率一样,即零,也就是说,此时几个词语在中英文隐喻中没有表达时间关系;在绝对所指框架中,所谓的时间就是钟表、日历和官方规定的时间,换句话说,时间是由客观存在描述的。然而,不同点要多于相同点且只存在于指示所指框架和序列所指框架中:指示所指框架中,一些中国人也可以面向过去背对未来;序列所指框架中,从水平、前后、上下三个维度分别分析了中英时间隐喻的不同点。通过对比分析,有了新的发现,即序列所指框架中的更早和更晚的时间关系有时可以覆盖指示所指框架中的过去和未来的时间关系。本研究中在判断语料是否表达时间关系上具有一定的主观性,希望未来有软件可以在这方面做出更精确的数据。
[Abstract]:Conceptual metaphor theory refers to the metaphor in our daily life which is embodied not only in language but also in thought and behavior (Lakoff and Johansson 1980). This theory has built a bridge between thought and language. Conceptual metaphor theory includes structural metaphor, directional metaphor and substantive metaphor. In time metaphor, time is the target domain, and another concept is the source domain. For more than 30 years, the study of time metaphor has mainly focused on the representation of time and the contrast between English and Chinese. The study of English and Chinese temporal metaphors from the perspective of temporal reference frame is rare. This thesis analyzes the similarities and differences between Chinese and English temporal metaphors from the perspective of temporal reference frame, covering the research content of this thesis. The time frame includes the indicative frame, the sequence frame and the absolute frame, representing the corresponding time relationship, past and future, earlier and later, and matrix time relation. Based on the essential temporal relationship embodied in each frame, 1000 synonyms from the National Corpus of England and the corpus of the Center for Chinese Linguistics Research of Peking University were randomly selected for study. The similarities and differences between English and Chinese temporal metaphors are summed up by subjective judgment and statistics of the temporal relationship between Chinese and English corpus. The similarities of this thesis are as follows: in the frame of indication, people can face the future and turn their backs to the past; Some English words which can be mapped to space can be expressed in Chinese, and the time relation of expression is the same. The high/ height in the vertical dimension of the frame referred to in the sequence is the same as the deep/ depth in the collected corpus, that is, zero, that is, these words do not express the temporal relationship in Chinese and English metaphors; In the absolute frame, the so-called time is the clock, calendar and official time, in other words, time is described by objective existence. However, the difference is more than the same and only exists in the frame indicated by the indicator and the frame indicated by the sequence: in the frame indicated by the indicator, some Chinese can also face the past and back to the future; In the frame of sequence reference, the difference of time metaphor between Chinese and English is analyzed from three dimensions: level, front and back. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the earlier and later time relationships in the frame indicated by the sequence can sometimes cover the past and future time relations in the frame indicated by the sequence. In this study, it is subjective to judge whether or not the corpus expresses the temporal relationship. It is hoped that some software can make more accurate data in this respect in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H15;H315

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