美国总统竞选采访中的不礼貌提问研究

发布时间：2018-11-27 19:04

【摘要】：提问-回答这一模式是构成日常言语互动的基本形式。然而,提问的动机却不仅仅是出于提问者信息的缺失,还有诸多其他功能。近年来,许多学者从句法、语义、语用、会话分析等角度对提问展开研究。此外,不同情景或体裁中的提问也受到学者的广泛关注。作为政治采访领域的主要会话形式,提问常伴有一定程度上的不礼貌。针对这一现象,前人并未做出透彻的解释。本研究以美国总统竞选采访中主持人的提问环节作为研究对象,试图从不礼貌理论的角度分析主持人提问中的不礼貌现象。本文拟解决的研究问题如下:1)主持人提问的语用功能有哪些,提问中蕴含的不礼貌通过何种方式得以体现?2)决定主持人提问中不礼貌现象出现的语境因素是什么,为什么不礼貌现象在这一场合中是可以被接受的?本研究选取最新的两届美国总统竞选采访作为研究语料,试图在Culpeper不礼貌理论框架下分析主持人提问中的不礼貌现象。依据提问中的不同言外之力及其所要实现的语用功能,本文首先对主持人的提问进行分类,并分析其中不礼貌现象得以体现的方式。然后,基于语境因素,本文将对主持人提问中出现的不礼貌现象做出解释。研究结果发现,在总统竞选采访中,通过对候选人资格的质疑,不当行为的谴责,以及失职行为的嘲讽,主持人提问中的不礼貌现象得以实现。另外,美国特有的政治体系,竞选采访设置的目的,主持人的机构身份及行为的及时性都是导致不礼貌现象出现的语境因素。本文通过对总统竞选采访中主持人提问环节的分析研究,丰富了提问在总统竞选采访领域中的语用学研究,同时也将该语言现象拓展至不礼貌研究的领域。
[Abstract]:Question-answer is the basic form of daily verbal interaction. However, the motivation of questioning is not only due to the lack of information, but also many other functions. In recent years, many scholars have studied questions from syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and conversational perspectives. In addition, the questions in different situations or genres are also widely concerned by scholars. As the main form of conversation in the field of political interviews, questions are often accompanied by a certain degree of impoliteness. In view of this phenomenon, the predecessors have not made a thorough explanation. In this paper, the author tries to analyze the phenomenon of impoliteness from the perspective of impoliteness theory by using the question link of the host in the American presidential election interview as the research object. The research questions to be solved in this paper are as follows: 1) what are the pragmatic functions of the moderator's questions, and what are the ways in which the impoliteness contained in the questions can be embodied? 2) what are the contextual factors that determine the impoliteness phenomenon in the questions asked by the moderator; Why is impoliteness acceptable on this occasion? This study selects the latest two interviews of the American presidential campaign as the research corpus and tries to analyze the impoliteness phenomenon in the questions asked by the moderator under the framework of Culpeper's impoliteness theory. According to the different force in questioning and its pragmatic functions, this paper first classifies the host's questions and analyzes the ways in which the phenomenon of impoliteness can be reflected. Then, based on the contextual factors, this paper will explain the impoliteness phenomenon in the host's question. The study found that in presidential interviews, the impoliteness of the host's questions was realized by questioning the candidate's qualifications, denouncing misconduct, and ridiculing dereliction of duty. In addition, the unique American political system, the purpose of the election interview, the organizational identity of the host and the timeliness of the behavior are all the contextual factors leading to the appearance of impoliteness. Through the analysis and research on the question link of the host in the presidential election interview, this paper enriches the pragmatic research in the field of presidential election interview, and extends the language phenomenon to the field of impoliteness.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

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