《伊索寓言》中拟人隐喻的认知语义研究

发布时间：2019-03-11 13:59

【摘要】：传统语言学将隐喻视作一种语言现象,视作语言形式上的修辞,是语言装饰的手段。近年来,由于认知语言学的兴起与发展,人们开始从认知的角度对隐喻进行深入的研究。与其它隐喻一样,拟人隐喻同样包含隐喻的认知和思维特征,亟待从多角度进行全面而系统的研究。然而,从修辞学的角度来阐释拟人隐喻无法获得认知启示。因此,本文基于概念隐喻理论,尝试从认知语义学的角度对《伊索寓言》中的拟人隐喻进行更为科学、系统的研究。本文选取了由清华大学出版社出版的《伊索寓言》中的217个动物故事作为语料。首先,本文探讨了《伊索寓言》中拟人隐喻的主要特点,以揭示其认知基础和认知倾向。同时,本文也全面地分析了拟人隐喻的语言特点,包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词的隐喻使用,并对分别对它们的使用频率进行了统计,以期发现拟人隐喻的认知体验基础。在《伊索寓言》的拟人隐喻中,动词的隐喻使用频率最高,而代词的隐喻使用频率最低。高频动词集是社会生活中人类将其生命属性特征映射到动物身上的认知体验过程和结果,而低频代词实则体现了英语中代词的语言特征以及人类以己指物的认知本质与倾向。其次,本文全面考察了《伊索寓言》中拟人隐喻的意义建构过程和认知机制,发现ANIMALS ARE HUMANS是拟人隐喻的概念隐射机制。拟人隐喻的认知理据在于人类和动物之间的相似性,因此,人类特有的属性特征比如情绪、动作、言语、性格等会投射到动物身上。拟人隐喻在《伊索寓言》中的使用不仅增加了故事的生动性和趣味性,而且易于读者更好地理解和接受。总之,拟人隐喻是一种有效的认知工具,在意义的建构和理解过程中起着重要的作用。本文从认知语义学的角度分析《伊索寓言》中的拟人隐喻,尤其是概念隐喻理论在本研究中的运用,不仅有助于我们挖掘拟人隐喻背后的隐喻机制,也对研究其他文学作品有所启示。
[Abstract]:Traditional linguistics regards metaphor as a linguistic phenomenon, as a rhetoric in language form, and as a means of language decoration. In recent years, due to the rise and development of cognitive linguistics, metaphor has been deeply studied from the perspective of cognition. Like other metaphors, anthropomorphic metaphors contain the cognitive and thinking characteristics of metaphors, which need to be studied comprehensively and systematically from many angles. However, the interpretation of anthropomorphic metaphor from the perspective of rhetoric cannot obtain cognitive enlightenment. Therefore, based on the theory of conceptual metaphor, this paper attempts to make a more scientific and systematic study of anthropomorphic metaphor in Aesop's Fables from the perspective of cognitive semantics. This paper selects 217 animal stories from Aesop Fable published by Tsinghua University Press as a corpus. First of all, this paper discusses the main characteristics of anthropomorphic metaphor in Aesop to reveal its cognitive basis and cognitive tendency. At the same time, this paper also analyzes the linguistic characteristics of anthropomorphic metaphors, including verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns, and makes statistics on their frequency of use. In order to discover the cognitive experience basis of anthropomorphic metaphor. Among the anthropomorphic metaphors of Aesop, verbs have the highest metaphorical use and pronouns have the lowest metaphorical use. The set of high-frequency verbs is the cognitive experience and result of mapping the characteristics of human life attributes to animals in social life, while the low-frequency pronouns reflect the linguistic characteristics of pronouns in English and the cognitive nature and tendency of human beings to refer to themselves. Secondly, this paper comprehensively examines the meaning construction process and cognitive mechanism of anthropomorphic metaphor in Aesop's Fables, and finds that ANIMALS ARE HUMANS is the conceptual implicit mechanism of anthropomorphic metaphor. The cognitive motivation of anthropomorphic metaphor lies in the similarity between human beings and animals. Therefore, specific human attributes such as emotion, movement, speech, character and so on will be projected on animals. The use of anthropomorphic metaphor in Aesop Fables not only increases the vitality and interest of the story, but also is easier for readers to understand and accept. In a word, personification metaphor is an effective cognitive tool and plays an important role in the process of meaning construction and understanding. From the perspective of cognitive semantics, this paper analyzes anthropomorphic metaphors in Aesop's Fables, especially the application of conceptual metaphor theory in this study, which not only helps us to explore the metaphorical mechanism behind anthropomorphic metaphors, but also helps us to explore the metaphorical mechanisms behind anthropomorphic metaphors. It also gives some inspiration to the study of other literary works.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

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