《史记》英译增词模式描写研究
发布时间:2017-09-09 16:50
本文关键词:《史记》英译增词模式描写研究
【摘要】:《史记》是“二十四史”中的第一部,也是史书中最规范、最优秀的一部。它以纪传体的形式写出了中国上下三千年的历史,不仅内容真实可信,而且文笔出色、形象生动。目前学术界对于《史记》英译的研究很少,已有研究主要包括《史记》英译状况的概述和文化专有项的翻译。研究对象主要为华兹生译本,对于倪豪士和杨宪益、戴乃迭译本研究相对较少,而将倪译与杨译进行比较分析的研究更是寥寥无几。此外,《史记》英译的研究重点大多集中在文化专有项的翻译上,研究也大多采用定性分析。本研究以描写译学为理论视角,描写《史记》英译中的增词现象及其原因。研究选取倪豪士和杨宪益、戴乃迭的英译《史记》为文本,从《秦始皇本纪》中选取139个句子,对比观察原文和译文,找出译文中的增词,对其进行分类,并考察各种类型增词的内在原因。研究发现,倪译本共计551个增词,杨译本共计398个增词。这些增词可以归纳为语法、语义、逻辑、修辞、文化、移情、衔接、错误、音译等九种类型。倪译本中,语法增词占比55.72%,其次为语义增词(29.04%)、文化增词(6.90%)、修辞增词(3.27%)、逻辑增词(2.72%)、衔接增词(1.27%)、错误增词(1.09%)。杨译本中,语法增词占比48.24%,其次为语义增词(33.92%)、文化增词(5.03%)、逻辑增词(4.52%)、修辞增词(4.02%)、错误增词(1.76%)、移情增词(1%)、衔接增词(1.01%)和语音增词(0.5%)。研究发现,两个译本的增词有共性也有差异。其中,语法增词的比重最大,其次为语义、文化。杨译本倾向于利用语法增词对句子进行合并,且更倾向于改写策略,而倪译本则注重保持原文的形式,并通过增词提升译文的可读性。翻译增词有多方面的原因。首先,汉语典籍自身的特点,例如简短精炼、语义模糊、文化内涵丰富决定了译者必须通过增词达到翻译目的。此外,汉英语言的语法结构不同,因此译者需要利用增词确保语法正确,并对逻辑、衔接进行调试以适应目标语读者的阅读习惯。《史记》既是史学著作,也是文学著作,译者可通过移情、修辞等策略再现审美价值。参考资料的缺失、考证不足、理解偏差等问题则会造成译文中少量的错误增词。由于译者的翻译习惯或其他偶然因素,也会出现少量的音译增补。
【关键词】:史记 英译 增词 模式
【学位授予单位】:南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:H315.9
【目录】:
- 摘要4-6
- Abstract6-10
- 1. Introduction10-13
- 1.1 Significance of the Research10-11
- 1.2 Purpose of the Research11-12
- 1.3 Structure of the Thesis12-13
- 2. Literature Review13-25
- 2.1 Researches on DTS13-15
- 2.1.1 Introduction to DTS13-14
- 2.1.2 Research on Toury’s Translation Norms14-15
- 2.2 Researches on Translation Additions15-18
- 2.2.1 Foreign Researches on Translation Additions16
- 2.2.2 Domestic Researches on Translation Additions16-18
- 2.3 English Translation of Shi Ji18-21
- 2.3.1 The Translation by Burton Watson18-19
- 2.3.2 The Translation by William H. Nienhauser, Jr19-20
- 2.3.3 The Translation by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang20-21
- 2.4 Researches on the English Translation of Shi Ji21-25
- 2.4.1 Review of the Translation21-22
- 2.4.2 Researches on Translation Strategies22-25
- 3. The Descriptive Perspective of Translation Studies25-30
- 3.1 The Idea of Description in Translation Studies25
- 3.2 The Objects of Description25-27
- 3.3 The Method of Description27-28
- 3.3.1 Synchronic Description27
- 3.3.2 Synchronic and Diachronic Description Based on Statistics27
- 3.3.3 Diachronic Description of Translation History27-28
- 3.4 The Units of Description28-29
- 3.5 The Description of Translation Additions29-30
- 4. Research Methodology30-35
- 4.1 Research Questions30
- 4.2 Research Hypotheses30
- 4.3 Data Collection and Classification30-32
- 4.4 Research Method32-33
- 4.5 Research Feasibility33-35
- 5. Description of Additions in the Translation of Shi Ji35-53
- 5.1 Analysis of Addition Statistics in the Translation of Shi Ji35-36
- 5.2 Analysis of Additions in the Translation of Shi Ji36-53
- 5.2.1 Grammatical Additions36-40
- 5.2.2 Semantic Additions40-43
- 5.2.3 Logical Additions43-45
- 5.2.4 Rhetoric Additions45-46
- 5.2.5 Cultural Additions46-48
- 5.2.6 Incorrect Additions48-50
- 5.2.7 Empathetic Additions50-51
- 5.2.8 Cohesive Additions51-52
- 5.2.9 Phonetic Additions52-53
- 6. Explanations of Additions in the Translation of Shi Ji53-70
- 6.1 Features of Chinese Classics53-57
- 6.1.1 Concise Expression54
- 6.1.2 Loose Structure54-55
- 6.1.3 Abundant Cultural-specific Items55-56
- 6.1.4 Ambiguous Meaning56-57
- 6.2 Sentence Structures in English57-58
- 6.2.1 Significance of Subjects in English57
- 6.2.2 Significance of Objects in English57-58
- 6.3 Determination of Meaning in the Context58-60
- 6.3.1 Possessive Pronoun Additions59
- 6.3.2 Tense Additions59-60
- 6.4 Necessity of Rhetoric Additions in Translation60-61
- 6.5 Distinction between Hypotaxis and Parataxis61-63
- 6.6 Necessity of Empathetic Additions63-64
- 6.7 Purposes of Translating Chinese Classics64-66
- 6.8 Causes of Incorrect Additions66-69
- 6.9 Reasons for Phonetic Additions69-70
- 7. Conclusion70-74
- 7.1 Major Findings70-71
- 7.2 Research Deficiencies71-72
- 7.3 Suggestions for Future Research72-74
- References74-78
- Acknowledgements78-80
- Academic Papers80
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