评估委员会制度中权力分配的一个方法

发布时间：2018-03-19 19:19

本文选题：权力分配　切入点：权力指数　出处：《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2010年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在一个委员会的决策制度中,某个个体成员的权力可定义为:个体决策者成为获胜联盟获得成功时的关键投票者的机会,或者定义为成功阻止本来要获胜的联盟的机会。通过随机安排投票顺序,每个投票者处于关键位置的次数被计算出来,由此而确定的便是投票者的权力指数。在给定模型下所得到的指数是委员会体制中各成员权力分布的先验评估。一个更强的论断是:计算委员会制度中成员之间的权力分布的任一模型,若不满足该权力指数定义,就会导致逻辑上的不一致。该方法能够用来计算联合国安理会、美国国会等决策机构的权力分布。该方法可以说明:通常只需要一小部分的股票就能够控制一个公司,掌权的集团通常能够召集足够的代理人去维持它的地位,因为股东的权力也不与他们所持的股票成正比,而是偏向大股东。权力指数反映了委员会制度本身的一个基本要素,权力指数的出现能够为立法机构和政策制定部门的基本设计提供有效信息。
[Abstract]:In a committee's decision-making system, the power of an individual member can be defined as the opportunity for individual decision makers to become key voters in the success of a winning coalition. Or it's defined as the chance to succeed in stopping an alliance that is going to win. By randomly arranging the voting order, the number of times each voter is in a critical position is calculated. The index obtained under the given model is a prior assessment of the distribution of power among the members of the committee system. A stronger argument is to calculate the relationship between the members of the committee system. Any model of the distribution of power, Failure to meet the definition of the power index can lead to logical inconsistency. The method can be used to calculate the UN Security Council. The distribution of power in decision-making bodies such as the United States Congress. The method shows that usually a small portion of the stock is needed to control a company, and that a group in power can usually call in enough agents to maintain its position. Because the power of shareholders is not proportional to the stock they hold, but rather in favour of the majority shareholders. The power index reflects a fundamental element of the committee system itself. The emergence of the power index can provide effective information for the basic design of legislatures and policy-making departments.
【作者单位】：美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校;耶鲁大学;南京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：C934

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