制革企业向新型制造业转型的制约因素及对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 23:19

本文选题：制革企业　切入点：新型制造业　出处：《陕西科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,我国制革行业外部面临着发达国家制造业回流和其他发展中国家低成本竞争的双重压力,内部又存在出口退税等政策红利取消、原材料成本上升、设备与技术落后和国家高压环保政策等一系列生存困境。在这样的背景下,制革企业的发展步伐明显放缓,企业经济集体走向“微利时代”。显然,依靠廉价劳动力和资源优势以及高环境成本的传统生产模式已经不能适应社会发展需求,制革企业要想取得长足发展,就必须加快向以“高附加值、高增长、高效率、低能耗、低污染”为特征的新型制造业转型,以此来应对外部竞争压力,化解内部生存困境。基于此,本文对我国制革企业向新型制造业转型的制约因素及对策展开研究。首先,本文结合制革企业目前的发展现状及面临的主要问题,明确了制革企业向新型制造业转型的动因,在此基础上通过实地调研和专家访谈的方式对制革企业向新型制造业转型的制约因素进行深入调查与分析。其次,为明确各制约因素对制革企业向新型制造业转型的重要性大小,本文利用改进的层次分析法对制约因素进行权重赋值与排序。其中,采用基于系统聚类的层次分析法确定了制约因素一级指标权重,结果表明:环境制约因素是制革企业向新型制造业转型的首要因素,其次是技术制约因素、经营制约因素和人力制约因素;采用基于序数效用的层次分析法确定了制约因素二级指标权重,结果表明:污染物排放严重、自主研发能力弱、皮革废料资源化利用程度低、创新型人才匮乏、品牌建设缺失这五项因素是制约制革企业向新型制造业转型的关键因素。最后,根据制约因素的重要性排序结果,明确了我国制革企业要实现向新型制造业的转型,首先要解决企业的绿色发展问题,其次要重视企业技术获取机制的完善和软实力竞争要素的提升,最后要着手塑造企业人力资源优势,以保障转型的可持续性。因此,本文从构建绿色发展模式、改善技术获取方式、塑造软实力竞争优势和完善内部人才培养体系等四方面为制革企业向新型制造业的转型提出了切实可行的对策建议。
[Abstract]:At present, China's tannery industry is facing the double pressure of manufacturing backflow from developed countries and low-cost competition from other developing countries. There are also policy dividends such as export tax rebates being cancelled and raw material costs rising.Equipment and technology backward and national high-pressure environmental protection policy and a series of survival difficulties.In this context, the pace of development of tanning enterprises has slowed down obviously, and the collective economy of enterprises is heading for the "era of small profit".Obviously, the traditional production model, which relies on the advantages of cheap labor and resources and high environmental costs, can no longer meet the needs of social development. If leather enterprises want to make great progress, they must speed up their efforts to "high added value, high growth, and high efficiency."The new manufacturing industry is characterized by low energy consumption and low pollution in order to deal with the external competition pressure and solve the internal survival dilemma.Based on this, this paper studies the restrictive factors and countermeasures of the transition from the leather enterprises to the new manufacturing industries in China.First of all, combined with the current development situation and main problems faced by the tannery enterprises, this paper clarifies the reasons for the transition from the tannery enterprises to the new manufacturing industries.On the basis of this, through field investigation and expert interview, this paper makes a thorough investigation and analysis on the restrictive factors of the transition from leather enterprises to new manufacturing industries.Secondly, in order to clarify the importance of various constraints on the transition of leather enterprises to new manufacturing industries, this paper uses the improved Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign and rank the weight of the constraints.Among them, the hierarchical analysis method based on system clustering is used to determine the weight of the primary index of constraint factors. The results show that environmental constraints are the first factor in the transition of tannery enterprises to new manufacturing industries, followed by technical constraints.The second class index weight of restriction factor was determined by AHP based on ordinal utility. The results showed that the pollutant emission was serious, the ability of independent research and development was weak, and the utilization degree of leather scrap was low.The lack of innovative talents and the lack of brand construction are the key factors restricting the transition of leather enterprises to new manufacturing industries.Finally, according to the ranking result of the importance of the restriction factors, it is clear that in order to realize the transition to the new manufacturing industry, the green development problem of the enterprises should be solved first.Secondly, we should pay attention to the perfection of enterprise technology acquisition mechanism and the promotion of soft power competition elements, and finally we should start to shape the advantage of enterprise human resources in order to ensure the sustainability of the transformation.Therefore, this paper puts forward some feasible countermeasures and suggestions for the transformation of tannery enterprises to new manufacturing industry from four aspects: constructing green development mode, improving the way of obtaining technology, shaping the competitive advantage of soft power and perfecting the internal talent training system.
【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.85

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