对外汉语教学中亲属称谓语的泛化研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 14:07

本文关键词：对外汉语教学中亲属称谓语的泛化研究　出处：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：称谓语是人类社会语言文化的一种普遍现象，是人类言语交际活动的第一步。一般而言，称谓语可分为两大类：亲属称谓语和非亲属称谓语（社会称谓语）。亲属称谓语泛化是将亲属称谓语用于非亲属之间的一种语言现象，借用亲属关系来拉近彼此的心理距离。为了达到拉近彼此间的距离，密切彼此之间关系的交际目的，把非亲属关系的人纳入到亲属的行列中，来表示恭敬、亲切、谦虚，，使被称呼者感受到尊重、喜爱、礼遇。即用亲属称谓语来互称或自称没有亲属关系的人的方式，就叫做亲属称谓语的泛化。亲属称谓语泛化的广泛使用，正是由于中国对宗族观念和伦理文化的崇尚，以及家族观念的延伸和扩大。在日常交际生活中，亲属称谓语泛化也是使用频率相当高的，一个恰当的称谓也是一个良好人际关系的开端。我们在与留学生的交流观察中，发现他们在日常生活中经常避免对非亲属使用亲属称谓语，大部分原因是由于不会用，容易用错,所以采用回避策略。所以为了汉语学习者在日常交流中能够更好的达到交际目的，需要亲属称谓语泛化合理使用，这样才能提高汉语学习者的汉语水平和语言交际能力。笔者通过借鉴前人的研究，选择汉语亲属称谓语泛化这一特殊的语言现象为切入点。第一部分是综述，介绍选题目的和意义，综合在对外汉语方面研究称谓语和亲属称谓语泛化的相关文献，确定本文的研究对象和研究方法；第二部分是从对外汉语教学的角度，结合语言文化学、社会语言学、语用学等相关知识，对汉语亲属称谓语泛化的界定、成因、理论基础、特点和功能进行详细阐述；第三部分是结合《汉语水平考试词汇大纲》和北京语言大学HSK动态作文语料库对亲属称谓语及泛化进行统计和语料采集，总结汉语学习者在亲属称谓语泛化的使用产生的偏误，得出产生偏误的各类原因；第四部分是从对外汉语教学角度，对亲属称谓语泛化的教学提出建议，为今后的对外汉语教学及使用提供一些可供参考的依据，对外汉语教师在教学中使学生对汉语亲属称谓语泛化有一个完整、清晰的认识并且能够恰到好处地运用到日常的学习、工作和生活中。
[Abstract]:Appellation is a universal phenomenon of language culture in human society and the first step of human verbal communication. Appellations can be divided into two categories: kinship appellations and non-kinship appellations (social appellations). The generalization of kinship appellations is a linguistic phenomenon in which kinship appellations are used among non-relatives. In order to achieve the purpose of getting closer to each other and getting closer to each other, people who are not related to each other are included in the ranks of relatives to show respect. Kindness, modesty, and respect, affection, and courtesy of the addressee. That is, the use of kinship terms to describe or claim to be unrelated to each other. This is called the generalization of kinship appellations. The widespread use of kinship appellations is due to the Chinese respect for clan concepts and ethical culture, as well as the extension and expansion of family concepts. The generalization of kinship appellations is also very frequently used, and an appropriate appellation is also the beginning of a good interpersonal relationship. It is found that they often avoid using kinship terms for non-relatives in their daily life, mostly because they can't use them and are easy to use them wrong. Therefore, in order to achieve the communicative purpose better in daily communication, Chinese learners need to use kinship appellations in a reasonable way. Only in this way can Chinese learners improve their Chinese proficiency and communicative competence. The author chooses the Chinese kinship appellation generalization as the starting point by referring to the previous studies. The first part is a summary to introduce the purpose and significance of the topic. By synthesizing the relevant literature on the generalization of appellations and kinship terms in Chinese as a foreign language, this paper determines the research object and research methods of this paper. The second part is from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, combined with language culture, sociolinguistics, pragmatics and other related knowledge, the definition, causes and theoretical basis of Chinese kinship appellation generalization. The characteristics and functions are described in detail. The third part is combining the outline of Vocabulary of Chinese proficiency Test and the HSK dynamic composition Corpus of Beijing language and language University to collect the relative appellations and generalizations. This paper summarizes the errors caused by the generalization of kinship appellations by Chinese learners, and concludes the causes of the errors. The 4th part is from the angle of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, put forward some suggestions to the teaching of relative appellation generalization, and provide some reference basis for teaching and using Chinese as a foreign language in the future. Teachers of Chinese as a foreign language make students have a complete and clear understanding of the generalization of Chinese kinship terms in teaching and can apply it to their daily study, work and life.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H195

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