“除”类框式介词及对外汉语教学

发布时间：2018-03-13 22:46

本文选题：“除”类框式介词　切入点：对外汉语　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“除”类框式介词由前置词“除/除了/除去/除却/除开/除掉”和后置词“外/之外/以外/而外”共同组成的框架,主要用来表示“排除”关系。“除”字最早出现是用作动词和名词,经过发展演变,在两汉时期逐渐出现“动词+除”和“除+动词”的格式,直至出现了双音节介词“除去/除开/除掉/除却”与处所类名词“外”构成了框架结构。最早的框式介词“除……外”出现在六朝时期。从句法层面看,“除”类框式介词不能在句尾出现,一般出现在句首和句中。从句法功能看,“除”类框式介词可以放在句首或句中充当状语,也可以在句中充当定语。在语义上,“除”类框式介词主要表示“排除”关系,但也有表示“加合、补充”关系。当表示“加合、补充”关系时,一般会有“还”“都”等词在句中作为语义标记。“除”类框式介词在具体运用中具有隐现规律。前置词的省略分为在句首作状语和句中作状语,表示“排除”关系和表示“加合、补充”关系,放在句中作定语等情况;后置词的省略有:如果是双音节框式介词“除了……外/之外/以外/而外”,后置词可以省略;如果是单音节框式介词“除……外/之外/以外/而外”,后置词不能省略。根据这些隐现情况,我们总结出了“除”类框式介词出现这些隐现情况的原因,分别有语义上的冗余,语体上的差异,句子的复杂程度,语义表达的需要等原因。最后,我们对《发展汉语》课文中的知识点进行了调查研究,分析了“除”类框式介词在《发展汉语》教材中的分布情况,接着对留学生进行了“除”类框式介词的使用频率调查和语义理解情况的调查。总结了之所以出现这种情况可能是教材的编写、教师的教学和学生的母语和学习策略的影响等原因,指出在教学过程中应注重运用“除”类框式介词的语法化教学来减少留学生的偏误;教师在教学过程中要适当的扩展知识,举例要贴近生活;教材的编写要注意系统性和重复性,保证初中高级教材中都出现“除”类框式介词。通过这些建议希望能够有助于对外汉语课堂教学。
[Abstract]:"except" box prepositions consisting of the prepositions "except / except / except / remove / divide / except / remove / remove" and the post-position word "outside / outside / outside / except", It is mainly used to denote "excluding" relation. The word "deduct" was first used as verb and noun. After development and evolution, the forms of "verb divide" and "remove verb" appeared gradually in the Han Dynasty. Until the two-syllable preposition "except / except / get rid of / except" and locative nouns formed a frame structure. The earliest box preposition "except." appeared in the six dynasties. From the syntactic level, the "except" category. A box preposition cannot appear at the end of a sentence. Generally appears at the beginning and in the sentence. From the syntactic function, the "except" type prepositions can be used as adverbials at the beginning of the sentence or in the sentence, or as attributives in the sentence. In semantic terms, "except" type prepositions mainly mean "excluding" relations. But there is also a relationship that means "additive, complementary." when it means "additive, complementary", Generally, there are some words such as "return" and "du" that are used as semantic markers in the sentence. The "except" type prepositions have hidden rules in the concrete application. The ellipsis of the preposition is divided into adverbial at the beginning of the sentence and adverbial in the sentence, indicating "excluding" relation and adding "expression". The ellipsis of postposition is as follows: if it is a two-syllable frame preposition "except. / outside / outside / outside", the postposition can be omitted; If it is a monosyllabic frame preposition "except. / outside / outside / outside / outside", the postposition cannot be omitted. Based on these occurrences, we have summed up the reasons for these occurrences of the "except" type of box prepositions, which have semantic redundancy, respectively. The differences in style, the complexity of sentences, the need for semantic expression, and so on. Finally, we investigate the knowledge points in the text of developing Chinese. This paper analyzes the distribution of box prepositions in the textbook of developing Chinese. Then, the author makes a survey on the frequency of the use of box prepositions and the semantic understanding of the students, and concludes that this situation may be caused by the compilation of textbooks. The author points out that the grammatical teaching of "apart" type prepositions should be paid attention to in order to reduce the bias of foreign students, and the teachers should expand their knowledge properly in the process of teaching, such as teachers' teaching and students' influence on their mother tongue and learning strategies, and so on, and points out that the grammaticalization of "apart" prepositions should be used in the process of teaching. Examples should be close to life, and the compilation of textbooks should pay attention to systematicness and repeatability, so as to ensure that "except" type box prepositions appear in senior textbooks of junior high school. It is hoped that these suggestions will be helpful to the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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