英汉带宾语动结构式的对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 08:07

本文选题：带宾语动结构式　切入点：构式语法　出处：《湖南师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 英汉动结式一直以来就是语言学界争论的热点问题,以往国内外对该句式的研究大多只限于对一种语言如英语或汉语动结构式,很少对两种或两种以上语言的构式做对比研究,难以发现语言间的共性和个性,且在以往研究的各种理论框架下,一些句法和语义问题仍未得到有效地解释。前人研究存在的不足为在新的理论框架下重新分析讨论这一句式提出了必要性。本文将从不同于前人研究的角度,采用构式语法理论,对英汉两种语言中带宾语动结构式这一动结构式的基本句式做对比研究,研究动词是如何和构式整合的,对比其成分结构如宾语角色类型,分析动词的各种不同特征,补语的语义指向问题并且分析语义与句法之间是怎样联系起来等等,以期能对动结构式作出进一步更深入的解释。根据构式语法,本文认为英汉语带宾语动结式是一个带有词汇意义之外的独立构式意义的论元结构,包含三种次构式:补语指向宾语的动结构式(Object-oriented resultative construction),补语指向主语的动结构式(Subject-oriented resultative construction with object)(仅适用于汉语),补语指向动词的动结构式(Verb-oriented resultativeconstruction with object)(仅适用于汉语)。除具有共同的“致使一结果”这一抽象意义之外,它们还具有各自更具体的构式语义和句法特征,各成分具有不同的语义限制。具体说来,第一种次构式,即补语指向宾语的带宾语动结构式,带有施事致使者、宾语和结果这三大题元角色和独立于词汇意义的“致使宾语状态受到影响”的构式义,在此构式中,宾语的地位是整个构式赋予的,与主要动词V是否为及物动词无必然联系,且宾语状态受到一定的影响,结果补语R在语义上指向受到影响的宾语论元角色,同时构式还赋予了一个结果论元角色。第二种次构式(仅适用于汉语),即补语指向主语的带宾语动结构式,带有施事、受事及结果这三大论元角色和独立于词汇意义之外的“致使施事状态经历(虽不是必然的)变化”的构式义,在此构式中,结果论元角色是整个构式赋予的,且结果补语R在语义上指向受到影响的施事论元角色。第三种次构式(仅适用于汉语),即补语指向动词的带宾语动结构式,也是一个独立的论元结构构式,带有施事、受事及状态三大题元角色,结果状态这一论元角色是构式赋予的,在语义上指向主要动词。通过对比英汉两种语言的带宾语动结构式的分类、句法和语义特征、语义限制以及能产性,我们发现英汉带宾语动结构式的个性大于共性,这很好地揭示了语言的类型学差异,为我们更好地了解英汉语言提供了帮助。本文在构式语法的框架下比较充分地解释了带宾语动结构式中宾语的本质、一价动词能带宾语的原因、结果补语的语义指向的本质以及构式之间的关系。通过对比研究,不仅揭示了英汉带宾语动结构式的共性和个性,而且加深了我们对英汉语言的认识。本文的研究有一定的理论和实践价值。这是对构式语法理论运用于英汉语句式,尤其是特殊句式研究可行性的验证。同时也能为对外汉语教学和英汉翻译提供有益的参考和帮助。
[Abstract]:English and Chinese resultative construction has always been a hot topic in linguistics, the previous research on this kind of home and abroad are limited to a language such as English or Chinese resultatives, rarely do the comparative study on the construction of two or more than two languages, it is difficult to find similarities and differences between languages, a variety of theoretical framework and in previous studies, some syntactic and semantic problems have not been effectively explained. For the shortcomings of previous studies in the new theoretical framework to analyze the sentence. This paper puts forward the necessity to research from different angles, using the theory of construction grammar, do a comparative study of the basic object sentence with the dynamic structure of resultatives in two languages, the verb is how to research and construction integration, compared to its composition and structure as the object role types, analysis of verbs with different characteristics, complement The semantic point of the language points to the problem and analyzes how the semantic and syntactic relations are connected, and so on, in order to make a further and more thorough explanation of the dynamic structure.
According to construction grammar, this paper thinks that Chinese Resultative is an object with the word meaning beyond the meaning of the independent argument structure, three kinds of constructions including: itrefers to the resultative object (Object-oriented resultative construction), resultative complement to the main language (Subject-oriented resultative construction with object) (only available in Chinese), resultative verb complement point (Verb-oriented resultativeconstruction with object) (only for Chinese). In addition to have a common "cause result" the abstract meaning, they also have their own specific constructional semantic and syntactic features, each component has different semantic limits. Specifically, the first time that complement constructions, point to the object with the object structure, with the three agent causer, thematic roles and independent objects and results In the lexical meaning of "the object state is affected by the constructional meaning, in this construction, the status of the construction object is given, and the main verb transitive verb V is not necessarily connected, and the object state is affected, the result complement R in the semantic point affected object argument at the same time the role, also gives a result of argument roles. Second kinds of constructions (only available in Chinese), which points to the subject with object complement construction, with the agent, the patient and the results of these three kinds of outside element and independent of the lexical meaning of the role of" the state of the agent (although not certain) the constructional meaning of change ", in this construction, the argument role is the construction given, and the results of complement R in the semantic point affected agent argument roles. Third kinds of constructions (only available in Chinese), which complement to move The object construction is also an independent argument structure constructions, with the agent, patient and the status of the three major thematic roles, the status of this argument is given the role of construction, pointing in the semantics of the main verb. By comparing the two languages with object resultative constructions the classification, syntactic and semantic features, semantic constraints and productivity, we find that Chinese and English with the object structure type personality more than common, it reveals a good language typological difference, is helpful for us to better understand the English language.
In this paper, under the framework of construction grammar fully explains the essence of object structure with object, can cause monovalent verbs take an object, the relationship between the nature of the semantic orientation of the complement and construction. Through the comparative study, not only reveals the commonness and individuality between English and Chinese with the object dynamic structure, and to deepen our understanding of the English language. This study has certain theoretical and practical value. This is the grammar used in English and Chinese sentences, especially the feasibility study on special sentence. At the same time, can also provide useful reference and help for foreign language teaching and translation.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H146;H314

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