基于概念结构理论的把字句研究与偏误分析

发布时间：2018-05-15 18:56

本文选题：偏误 + 事件　；参考：《苏州大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：目前，把字句的本体研究对有些现象不能作出很好的的解释，体现在应用领域的一个局限就是不能很好地满足对外汉语教学的需要。由于对外汉语教学对象的特殊性，找到把字句偏误现象在认知上的共性则可大大提高教学的效率。本文以认知语义学为基础，引进Talmy的概念结构模式，将把字句这一复杂的宏观事件分为四种不同的事件类型，运用概念结构的限制条件、概念结构的句法显现原则，结合构式语法理论及类型学研究的相关理论，对把字句进行研究并解释中介语语料中相关的偏误现象。第一章是绪论。介绍本文的选题意义，研究内容、研究范围和研究方法。第二章分别从起源、语义、句法、语用、认知、类型学以及对外汉语教学和二语习得研究几个方面对前辈时贤的研究作了综述，找出需要深入研究的问题和突破口。第三章介绍了概念结构理论，分析以往研究方法的不足，并指出概念结构理论对把字句偏误分析的指导意义。第四章对表达运动事件的把字句进行了研究。对二语学习者易在此类把字句习得中出现的与概念结构相关的偏误现象作出了解释。得出的主要结论包括：动词遗漏现象的深层原因是不同语言的词汇化模式有差异；动趋式“S+把+N+V+(RC)+（来/去）”不能转换为SVO语序是受概念显现的形式限制；动介式“S+把+N1+V给+N2”和“S+把+N1给+N2+V+R”表达形式的不同是由于动词和路径之间组合的紧密程度不同；有关表达运动事件把字句的衬体的偏误分析，验证了衬体显现的一个基本原则：不同的处所成分，，也即衬体，凸显程度不同，它们一般与凸显程度相当的句法位置匹配。第五章对表达状态变化事件的把字句进行了研究。运用概念凸显理论对“一碗饭就把他吃饱了”类句子进行分析，认为“*饭就把他吃饱”不成立，是因为“就”体现了一种说话人认为数量少的主观小量，与它所要凸显的概念成分必须匹配，因此使事中表主观小量的数量词不可缺少。由状态变化事件中动词词汇化模式不同造成的偏误，是因为二语学习者不清楚具体的状态动词是否在目的语中也存在相应的词汇化使役形式。状态改变事件把字句中补语及其概念结构上的偏误体现在两类句式中：1.“S+把+N+V+得+VP”的回避和偏误现象比较严重，很多句子可以和主谓宾句转换，误使二语学习者认为这两个句式等同。状态补语具有描写性，描写性的补语所代表的状态具体、信息量大、可预测性低，在认知上更突显，倾向于成为焦点。因此，从认知动因上分析，凸显的补语要求占据句尾位置，宾语必须前置。2.“S+把+N+V+RC”句式中与概念结构相关的偏误现象及其解释，分为三个方面：（1）衬体的凸显程度与句法位置不匹配。（2）路径衬体合并后的使动化造成偏误。（3）使事产生的影响方式与衬体所表达的事件结果不匹配。我们还另设一节专门讨论了表心理状态变化事件的把字句,认为心理力作用的强度是一个由强到弱的连续统，作用力的强弱是能否构成把字句及其各类把字句比率不同的原因。第六章分析了表达实现事件的把字句。首先，对实现事件中的动词进行了分析。按照语义类别分为：自身完成动词、未尽完成义动词、蕴涵完成义动词和充分实现动词，并结合把字句，对各类型动词在把字句中的使用情况和限制进行分析。接着，对表实现事件的把字句的三类下位句式进行偏误分析。句式“S+把+N+V+RC”的偏误现象与补语的预期性有关，非预期结果的实现事件倾向选择把字句。“S+把+N+V+得+VP/AP”的偏误现象可以从概念结构中主事件和副事件之间的联系紧密性角度以及描写性补语的可预测性来解释。“S+把+N+V+DC”的偏误则是由于不清楚概念结构以及概念显现的形式限制。第七章分析了表达廓时事件的把字句。分析了带时体标记“着”、“了”、“过”形成的把字句，和“V+下来（时体）”、“V+下去（时体）”构成的把字句。时体标记“上，开，起，起来”不能构成把字句，是因为它们表示起始，没有续段和结果，凸体受到的影响力小，因此凸显程度不高，不能显现在凸显程度高的把字宾语位置。在廓时事件中，主事件是廓定事件时体的事件，凸体与副事件的概念成分同指，因此，主事件和副事件联系的紧密程度、事件的可预测性等原则都很难体现，在其他三种事件类型中所使用的分析方法受到一定的局限。廓时事件概念结构的构成主要跟衬体所表示的时体意义及凸体所代表的事件类型相关，两者必须互相匹配。这一原则始终贯穿在各类表廓时事件的把字句的偏误分析之中。
[Abstract]:This paper , based on the cognitive semantics , introduces the concept structure model of Talmy , and divides the complex macro - event into four different types of events .

The first chapter is introduction . It introduces the significance , content , scope of research and research methods of this paper .

In the second chapter , the author summarizes the research of the previous generation from the aspects of origin , semantics , syntax , pragmatics , cognition , typologies and foreign language teaching and second language acquisition , and finds out the problems and breakthrough that need to be further researched .

The third chapter introduces the concept structure theory , analyzes the shortcomings of the previous research methods , and points out the guiding significance of the concept structure theory to the analysis of the error of the words .

In the fourth chapter , the author makes a study on the sentence structure of the event of expression . The main conclusions are as follows : the deep reason of the omission of the verb is that the lexical pattern of the different language is different ;
The expression of " S + " + N + V + ( RC ) + ( in / off ) " cannot be converted to SVO , which is restricted by concept .
The difference between the expression form of " S + handle + N1 + V to + N2 " and " S + handle + N1 to + N2 + V + R " is different because of the close degree of the combination between the verb and the path ;
In this paper , we verify the basic principle that the liner appears , namely , the different components , i.e . the liners , the degree of highlighting is different , which are generally matched with the syntactic positions of the degree of highlighting .

In the fifth chapter , the author studies the expression state change events . By using the concept of concept , the author analyses the sentence of " a bowl of rice " , and thinks that " * rice will feed him " is not established because " it " reflects a subjective small quantity which the speaker thinks quantity is less , and the concept component to be highlighted must match , so that the quantity of the subjective small quantity of the table is indispensable .

It is because the L2 learners do not know whether the specific state verbs also exist in the target language .

There are two types of sentence patterns : 1 . The " S + handle + N + V + D + VP " avoidance and bias phenomenon is serious , many sentences can be converted to the subject verb sentence , and the second language learner is inclined to be the focus .

We also set up a section devoted to the change of mental state of the table . It is believed that the strength of mental force is a continuum from strong to weak , and whether the force is strong or weak is the reason to make the ratio of words and sentence different .

In the sixth chapter , we analyze the expression of the verbs in the event . Firstly , the verbs in the event are analyzed . According to the semantic categories , the semantic categories are divided into : the completion of the verbs , the completion of the semantic verbs , the implication of the completion of the semantic verbs and the full realization of the verbs . Then , the misinterpretations of the sentences are analyzed . The error of the sentence " S + handle + N + V + RC " can be explained from the relation between the main and secondary events in the conceptual structure and the predictability of the descriptive complement . " S + handles + N + V + DC " is not the form of the concept structure and the concept .

In Chapter 7 , we analyze the expression of the event in the event of the expression profile . The author analyses the words which are marked by the time body , the word which is formed by " V + down ( time body ) " , " V + down ( time body ) " and " V + down ( time body ) " . When they indicate the beginning , the absence of the continuation and the result , the influence of the convex body is small , so the degree of prominence is not high , and the position of the word object with high degree of prominence cannot be displayed .

In the case of the profile , the principal event is the event of the event of the event of the event , the convex body is the same as the concept component of the sub event . Therefore , it is difficult to embody the close degree of the relationship between the main event and the sub event , the predictability of the event , etc . The structure of the concept structure of the time event is mainly related to the time body meaning expressed by the liner and the type of event represented by the convex body , and the two must match each other .

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146.3

【参考文献】