对外汉语视角下的汉俄被动句对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 22:35

本文选题：被动句 + 被动态　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：任何一种语言都有主动句和被动句的区别。被动句在我们的生活交际中扮演着重要的角色,也一直是语言学家们研究和关注的重点。被动句在俄语和汉语中都是十分重要的一类句式。俄语属于语法形态手段十分发达的屈折型语言,其词汇的形态变化十分丰富,不同形态的词表达不同的语法意义。而汉语在形态上欠发达,主要以语义为基础,通过增词或者减词来表达不同的语法意义,因而属于语义型或意合型语言。但被动句在汉语和俄语中都是基本的、且极为重要的一种句式结构。汉俄被动句虽然都强调承受行为动作的客体,但在形式、语法和语用等方面有较大差异。本文将以俄语和汉语中的被动句为研究对象,对两种语言中的被动句这一特殊句式进行对比分析。将主要从形式、结构、功能等方面对二者进行对比,找出二者在各个方面的共性与个性。此外,还将分别对中、俄第二语言学习者使用俄、汉语被动句的情况进行偏误分析,希望能为俄、汉语的被动句教学提供经验借鉴。
[Abstract]:There is a distinction between active and passive sentences in any language. Passive sentences play an important role in our daily communication and have always been the focus of linguists. Passive sentences are very important in both Russian and Chinese. Russian is a kind of inflectional language with highly developed grammatical and morphological means, and its lexical morphology is very rich, and different forms of words express different grammatical meanings. On the other hand, Chinese is underdeveloped in morphology, mainly based on semantics, which expresses different grammatical meanings by adding or subtracting words, so it belongs to semantic or parataxis language. But passive sentence is a basic and very important sentence structure in both Chinese and Russian. Although Chinese and Russian passive sentences emphasize the object of action, there are great differences in form, grammar and pragmatics. This paper focuses on the passive sentences in Russian and Chinese, and makes a comparative analysis of the passive sentences in the two languages. This paper compares the two from the aspects of form, structure and function, and finds out their commonness and individuality in all aspects. In addition, we will analyze the errors of Chinese and Chinese passive sentences in order to provide some experience for the teaching of Russian and Chinese passive sentences.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3;H35

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