“会……的”格式研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 13:06

本文选题：“会……的”格式 + “会”　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“会”与“能”等能愿动词在句法、语义、语用三个平面的分布特点,使其成为汉语本体研究中的重点,更成为对外汉语教学中的重点与难点。在对外汉语教学中,汉语作为孤立语具有重视意合不依赖形态变化、主要借助语序和虚词等其他方式表达语法关系和语法意义的特点,简单孤立地分析“会”、“能”等能愿动词作为语素构成词组合成句子再到语篇的过程,很容易陷入“会”“能”对比的僵局。为了尝试解决“会”“能”对比分析带来的僵化偏误,我们运用整体教学法,借鉴构式语法思想,通过大量句子及语篇整块语料的描写,总结归纳出“会……的”格式,从句法结构角度分析“会……的”格式的组合规则和聚合规则,发现其在“是……的”句中的组合位置;引入Palmer关于情态范畴分类的观点对“会……的”格式中“会”的情态语义类型进行研究,最后从语用角度对“会……的”格式存在的背景文化合理性加以佐证。在对“会……的”格式研究的过程中,还会涉及“能”在“会……的”格式中的替换能力等问题,这有助于寻找一种新的“会”“能”对比角度。“会……的”格式具有很强的组合能力和富有规律的聚合特点,因此一般情况下,“会……的”格式进入句子系统的条件非常简单:已经作为整体出现的“会……的”格式末尾添加相应的标点符号即可构成肯定句和否定句,在相应位置添加否定词即可构成否定句。肯定句、否定句和疑问句基本可以构成汉语语篇的最简单模式,如此使汉语学习者通过掌握“会……的”格式达到事半功倍的效果。整体教学法作用下的“会……的”格式到语篇的组合过程,依然不能脱离语言两大总纲组合规则和聚合规则带来的层级体系,任何一种语言都不可能脱离这一层级装置。然而,归纳“会……的”格式减免了从语素的选择到语素构成词、词再通过语法手段构成句子这一过程中可能遇到的对比选择偏误、语法负迁移偏误等僵化偏误,更有利于汉语学习者明确汉语的语法特点,并举一反三至其他汉语语法的学习中去。对外汉语教学的终极目的就是使汉语学习者能够自由正确运用汉语进行有效成功的交际,单个词语、错误的语法结构在语境中或加上手势自然也能让对方明白说话者想要表达的意思,但这违背了“正确”与“成功”交际的目标。因此,“会……的”格式正确进入句子和语篇才能发挥其功效,完成其使命。
[Abstract]:The distributional characteristics of "Hui" and "Neng" in syntax, semantics and pragmatics make them become the focus in the study of Chinese ontology, and also become the emphasis and difficulty in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. In the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, Chinese, as an isolated language, attaches importance to parataxis and does not depend on the change of form, mainly expresses the grammatical relationship and grammatical meaning by other means such as word order and function words, and analyzes "will" in a simple and isolated way. It is easy to get into the deadlock of "can" and "can" contrast the process of synthesizing sentences into discourse by using verbs as morphemes. In order to solve the inflexible errors caused by the contrastive analysis of "Hui" and "can", we use the holistic teaching method, draw lessons from the grammatical thought of construction, and sum up "Hui" through a large number of sentences and the description of the whole text corpus. "format, from the perspective of syntactic structure" will. The format of the combination rule and the aggregation rule found in it is. Introduction of Palmer's view on classification of modal categories. Finally, from the pragmatic point of view, this paper studies the semantic types of "Hui" in the format. The existence of the format of the background cultural rationality to prove. Yes, yes. In the process of format research, it will also involve "can" in "will." This helps to find a new "will" and "can" contrast angle. "Yes. The "format" has strong combinatorial capabilities and regular aggregation characteristics, so generally, "will." The conditions in which the format enters the sentence system are very simple: have emerged as a whole. Adding corresponding punctuation marks at the end of the format can constitute positive sentence and negative sentence, and adding negative word in corresponding position can constitute negative sentence. Affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences can basically constitute the simplest mode of Chinese discourse, so that Chinese learners can master. The format achieves twice the result with half the effort. The "meeting" under the action of the holistic teaching method. The combination process from the format to the text still cannot be separated from the hierarchical system brought about by the combination rules of the two general principles of language and the aggregation rule, and no language can be separated from this hierarchical device. However, induction will. The format relieves the inflexible errors in the process from morpheme selection to morpheme composing words, which may be encountered in the process of grammatical construction of sentences, such as contrastive selection errors, grammatical negative transfer errors, etc. It is more advantageous for Chinese learners to make clear the grammatical characteristics of Chinese and draw a conclusion from other Chinese grammar learning. The ultimate goal of teaching Chinese as a foreign language is to enable Chinese learners to freely and correctly use Chinese for effective and successful communication. The wrong grammatical structure can also help the speaker to understand the meaning of the speaker in the context or with the gesture, but this is contrary to the goal of "correct" and "successful" communication. So, "Yes. In order to perform its function and fulfill its mission, the correct format of the sentence and the text.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

【参考文献】