对外汉语教学中的反义词不对称原则研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 07:19

本文选题：反义词 + 对称　；参考：《内蒙古师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语反义词是汉语词汇系统中较为复杂的一类,同时,它在对汉语教学中也占据着重要的位置。本文首先对对外汉语教学中的反义词教学进行调查,通过调查《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》的要求与处理、《发展汉语》教材的内容与练习设计,发现反义词教学是词汇教学的一个薄弱环节。因此,立足于现代汉语词汇系统中的反义词,本文全面描述反义词的对称与不对称现象,从有／无标记理论出发,对其形成原因进行阐释,深化现代汉语反义词的不对称研究。利用调查问卷的形式,分析外国留学生习得反义词偏误的成因,并提出反义词词汇教学应遵循的教学原则,探讨对外汉语教学中的反义词对称性类推策略和不对称原则下反义词的教学方法,提高对外汉语教学的教学效率。全文主要分为三大部分：引言、正文、结论。引言部分主要对现代汉语反义词及反义词不对称的相关研究和偏误研究作了文献综述,并介绍了本文研究范围、方法及可能存在的问题。正文部分从以下三个部分展开：一、现阶段词汇教学中反义词教学的调查。首先考察了《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》的要求与处理；其次分析了《发展汉语》的内容与练习设计；最后指明反义词教学是词汇教学的一个薄弱环节。二、现代汉语的反义词本体研究。立足于传统词汇学,从标记理论出发,对反义词的对称和不对称现象进行全面的描述,并探究了反义词对称和不对称现象出现的原因。三、留学生习得反义词情况的调查和研究。对外国留学生习得反义词进行问卷调查,通过问卷了解并掌握了习得反义词过程中出现的主要问题。根据问卷出现的偏误现象分析总结出偏误产生的原因,并探讨了对外汉语反义词教学中应该遵循的教学原则,提出了关于大纲和教材的一些建议。最后结合本文内容和研究成果,依据课堂教学的需要,设计了一节反义词的教学案例。希望通过我们的分析可以提高对留学生的汉语教学效果,提高学生的学习效率,也希望这些分析能有助于对外汉语教学的发展。结论部分对本文整体内容和研究结果进行综合概括,并指出本文的不足之处,以期对今后进一步深入地研究对外汉语教学中反义词不对称原则能够提供一定的借鉴和帮助。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese antonyms are a more complicated category in Chinese lexical system, and they also occupy an important position in Chinese teaching. This paper first investigates the teaching of antonyms in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. By investigating the requirements and processing of the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters, the content and practice design of the textbook are discussed. It is found that the teaching of antonyms is a weak link in vocabulary teaching. Therefore, based on the antonyms in the modern Chinese lexical system, this paper comprehensively describes the symmetry and asymmetry of antonyms, explains the reasons for the formation of antonyms from the theory of having / no markers, and deepens the study of asymmetry of antonyms in modern Chinese. By using the form of questionnaire, this paper analyzes the causes of the acquisition of antonym bias by foreign students, and puts forward the teaching principles to be followed in the teaching of antonym vocabulary. In order to improve the teaching efficiency of Chinese as a foreign language, this paper discusses the analogy strategy of antonym symmetry in teaching Chinese as a foreign language and the teaching method of antonym under the principle of asymmetry. The thesis is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. In the foreword part, the related researches and errors of antonyms and antonyms in modern Chinese are reviewed, and the scope, methods and possible problems of this paper are introduced. The body part begins with the following three parts: First, the investigation of antonym teaching in vocabulary teaching at present. At first, it examines the requirements and processing of the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters, then analyzes the content and practice design of developing Chinese, and finally points out that the teaching of antonyms is a weak link in vocabulary teaching. Second, the study of antonym ontology in modern Chinese. Based on the traditional lexicology, this paper gives a comprehensive description of the symmetry and asymmetry of antonyms, and probes into the reasons for the appearance of symmetry and asymmetry of antonyms. Third, the investigation and research on the acquisition of antonyms by foreign students. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the acquisition of antonyms by foreign students, through which the main problems in the process of acquiring antonyms were understood and grasped. Based on the analysis of the errors in the questionnaire, this paper summarizes the causes of the errors, probes into the teaching principles which should be followed in the teaching of antonyms for Chinese as a foreign language, and puts forward some suggestions on the outline and teaching materials. Finally, according to the need of classroom teaching, a teaching case of antonyms is designed. It is hoped that through our analysis we can improve the teaching effect of Chinese to foreign students and improve the learning efficiency of students. We also hope that these analyses can contribute to the development of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The conclusion part summarizes the whole content and the research results, and points out the shortcomings of this paper, in order to provide some reference and help for the further research on the principle of antonym asymmetry in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL).
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：H195

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