“没有了NP”的功能及对外汉语教学中的功能分析

发布时间：2018-06-24 22:23

本文选题：“没有了NP” + 功能　；参考：《哈尔滨师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“没有”有副词、动词两种用法，在现代汉语中出现的频率都很高，无论是在书面语还是口语中都很常见。目前，对副词“没有”以及相应的“没有”句进行探讨的论著和论文已经有了颇为丰硕的成果。关于“没有”与“了”共现条件问题也有学者进行过专门讨论；动词“没有”的情况似乎相对简单，因而专门的深入的研讨反而少一些。我们注意到，由动词“没有”参与的构式存在多种变式，如“NP没有了”“没有NP了”“没有了NP”，对于它们的分工，目前我们尚不明了。与此同时，在对留学生进行“没有了NP”格式的相关调查分析中发现，大多数学生将“没有了NP”看成一个能够独立成句的短语，，并在对话中直接使用，进而出现很不地道的汉语口语形式。同时，被考察的学生大多数没有将“没有了NP”作为小句形式运用到复句中，可以看出留学生对这一经常使用的格式还没有充分地理解和掌握，这在阅读、会话中会造成留学生的忽略并减少其对话语功能的整体把握。因此，本文对此格式进行较为全面的研究，具体对格式的构成要素和功能进行分析，以期对对外汉语教学中有关非自足短语的研究和教学有所助益。本文主要分为四章：第一章是绪论，主要是对相关研究状况的总结，并从对外汉语教学的角度回顾了“没有了NP”的相关研究。明确了选题的缘起、研究对象及范围等内容。第二章是对“没有了NP”的构成要素“没有”、“了”的定性以及作用等方面的分析，明确了二者在此粘着短语中的性质和意义，对于进一步分析短语“没有了NP”的意义具有重要的作用。第三章主要从“没有了NP”的句法功能和话语功能等两方面做了重要阐述。其中句法功能分析包括其充当主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语以及构成兼语结构的分析；话语功能分析包括其作为先行小句和后续小句的分析。第四章结合语料分析了留学生使用该短语的造句情况，通过对外汉语教学中“没有了NP”的分析，提出了对外汉语教学中有关粘着短语教学的相关建议。
[Abstract]:There are adverbs, verbs and verbs, which appear frequently in modern Chinese, both in written and spoken Chinese. At present, the treatises and papers on adverbs "no" and corresponding "no" sentences have been fruitful. Some scholars have also discussed the co-occurrence conditions of "no" and "did"; the situation of the verb "no" seems to be relatively simple, so the special in-depth study is less. We have noticed that there are many variants in the constructions with the verb "no" participation, such as "NP without", "without NP" and "without NP". At present, we do not understand their division of labor. At the same time, through the investigation and analysis of the "no NP" format, most students regard "no NP" as a phrase that can be used as an independent sentence, and use it directly in the dialogue. Then there is a very unauthentic spoken Chinese form. At the same time, most of the students surveyed did not use "without NP" as a clause form in complex sentences. It can be seen that the foreign students have not fully understood and mastered this frequently used format, which is in reading. Conversation will cause the foreign students to ignore and reduce their overall grasp of discourse function. Therefore, this paper makes a more comprehensive study of the format, and analyzes the elements and functions of the format in order to be helpful to the research and teaching of non-self-contained phrases in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is an introduction, mainly a summary of relevant research, and from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL), reviews the related studies of "without NP". The origin, research object and scope of the topic are clarified. The second chapter is the analysis of the elements of "without NP", the nature and function of "did", and the nature and meaning of the two in this adhesive phrase. It plays an important role in further analyzing the meaning of the phrase "without NP". Chapter three mainly expounds the syntactic function and discourse function of NP-free. The analysis of syntactic function includes the analysis of its function as subject, predicate, object, attribute, complement and the structure of concurrent language; the analysis of discourse function includes its analysis as antecedent clause and subsequent clause. The fourth chapter analyzes the construction of the phrase by foreign students in combination with the corpus. Through the analysis of "without NP" in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, the author puts forward the relevant suggestions about the teaching of the adhesive phrase in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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