基于HSK动态作文语料库的并列连词偏误分析

发布时间：2018-08-06 20:51

【摘要】：在对外汉语教学中,虚词教学是词汇教学的难点之一。并列连词作为虚词中的连词之一,因其用法和意义存在较大的相似性,对留学生学习汉语造成一定障碍,故在之前学者的研究基础上,选取《汉语水平与汉字等级大纲》中留学生经常使用的7个并列连词,和、而、与、同、及、并、以及,依据字词错误检索出以上词语在HSK动态作文语料库中存在的偏误语料,并对偏误语料进行细致地分析,希望能够寻找偏误规律,为虚词教学尽绵薄之力。首先通过搜集和分析偏误语料,把并列连词偏误共分为错词、缺词和误加三种类型,根据错词情况的不同分为并列连词和连词、其他词类的偏误;根据连接成分不同分为词之间、短语之间两种缺词情况;根据误加情况不同分为固定搭配、无视标点、已有连词三种误加情况。其次,对偏误情况进行总体分析,得出并列连词的偏误具有分布不均匀和某些偏误具有顽固性两大基本特点,随后根据这两大特点从并列连词自身、学生及教学三个方面分析原因,得出并列连词自身词语复杂性和词语之间的相似性是最主要的原因,另外,学生由于本身母语负迁移和目的语泛化的原因,也会导致其在一定程度上使用回避策略,还有,在教学过程由于教学方法不当和教学内容不够完善也会导致偏误的产生。最后,根据偏误产生的原因从教学角度和学生学习角度提出对策,针对本体方面的偏误原因则归入教学角度。从教学角度来说,教师应当强化本体知识,改善教学方法,教材设计要合理,练习要有针对性;而学生要根据遗忘规律及时复习所学知识,利用自己产生的偏误建立个人偏误库,还要自我激励,提高兴趣,真正学好并列连词,学好虚词从而学好汉语。
[Abstract]:In teaching Chinese as a foreign language, function word teaching is one of the difficult points in vocabulary teaching. As one of the conjunctions in function words, juxtaposed conjunctions, because of their great similarities in usage and meaning, cause some obstacles for foreign students to learn Chinese, so on the basis of previous studies, This paper selects 7 juxtaposition conjunctions often used by foreign students in outline of Chinese level and Chinese characters, and, with, and, according to word errors, retrieves the errors in the HSK dynamic composition corpus. In order to find out the law of error, the author makes a detailed analysis of the error data and makes a small contribution to the teaching of function words. Firstly, by collecting and analyzing the error data, the paratactic conjunction errors are divided into three types: the wrong word, the missing word and the wrong addition, which are divided into parallel conjunctions and conjunctions according to the situation of wrong words, and errors of other parts of speech. According to the connective elements, there are two kinds of missing words between words, two kinds of missing words between phrases, and three kinds of false addition of conjunctions, which are divided into fixed collocation and ignoring punctuation. Secondly, through the overall analysis of errors, it is concluded that the errors of juxtaposed conjunctions have two basic characteristics: uneven distribution and obstinacy, and then, according to these two characteristics, the paratactic conjunctions themselves are analyzed. By analyzing the reasons of students and teaching, it is concluded that the complexity of juxtaposed conjunctions and the similarity between words are the most important reasons. In addition, the students' negative transfer of their mother tongue and generalization of the target language are the main reasons. It will also lead to the use of avoidance strategies to a certain extent, as well as in the teaching process due to improper teaching methods and inadequate teaching content will lead to errors. Finally, according to the causes of errors from the perspective of teaching and students' learning, the causes of errors in ontology are classified as teaching. From the teaching point of view, teachers should strengthen the knowledge of the body, improve the teaching method, design the teaching material reasonably, and practice the students should review what they have learned in time according to the law of forgetting. In order to learn Chinese well, we should make use of their own errors to set up personal error database, to motivate themselves, to improve interest, to learn juxtaposed conjunctions well and to learn function words well.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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