美国在华教会大学董事会制度变迁研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 15:43

  本文选题：教会大学 + 董事会制度　； 参考：《南京师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：从1877年登州文会馆宣布具有大学水准,到1951年建国初的院系大调整,美国在华教会大学历经近一个世纪的发展,因其特殊的教会背景,在办学过程中也是招致很多非议,但是它还是创造了一个时代,成为中国近现代高等教育发展史上浓墨重彩的一笔。尽管在开办学校之始是以传播宗教教义为目的的,但是其在20世纪20年代的蓬勃发展及抗日战争爆发之后的努力维持办学,在客观上促进了中国高等教育事业的发展,为国家和民族培养了诸多高水平人才,这与其优质的高校管理制度是紧密联系在一起的。本文以美国在华教会大学董事会制度的变迁历程为研究对象,采用文献分析法、历史研究法、案例分析法,通过对各种校史档案、校史专著等进行研究分析,试图清晰地概括出美国在华教会大学董事会制度在每个历史阶段的演变及其特征。绪论部分主要介绍了选题的背景及意义、重要概念的界定、国内外关于董事会制度的的研究现状及所采取的研究方法。第一章首先对美国高校董事会制度进行了概述,分析其董事会的成员结构、职能及运作程序,以获得对美国高校董事会制度的清晰认识；然后对19世纪中期到20世纪20年代以前的美国在华教会大学董事会制度进行了分析,通过对东吴大学、之江大学、金陵大学等美国在华教会大学的董事会制度的探究,以更为清晰地了解20年代以前董事会制度的概况。第二章主要是分析20世纪20年代以后至抗日战争爆发之前的美国在华教会大学董事会制度的变迁。首先对其变迁的社会背景进行了探索,巴敦调查团的来华考察促使美在华教会大学内部进行改革,20年代的收回教育权运动及立案风波也在外部迫使美在华教会大学董事会不得不进行改组,然后以之江大学、圣约翰大学、齐鲁大学等知名的美国在华教会大学为例,来分析董事会制度的成员结构、职能权限及运作程序上所发生的变化,董事会成员中中国校董的比例要占2/3多数、校董会主席得为中国人充任,董事会的权力被分散、职能被削弱,运作程序中也受到政府的干预。最后对此时段董事会制度变迁的特征进行了分析,指出虽然此时董事会的实权仍然掌握在外国人手里,但是从结构、职能等方面的变化来看,其整体开始走向“中国化”“本土化”。第三章是对抗战后到建国初的董事会制度的变迁改组进行了探究。战火纷飞的年代,动荡不安的时局使美国在华教会大学董事会制度不得不随战时之需调整其结构和运作程序,与西方教会联系的暂时中断减弱其部分职能,于20世纪50年代掀起的收回教育权运动,通过出台法规法令使得外籍人员完全退出董事会机构,董事会的职能也完全受政府的监督,并要定期向政府汇报工作,美国在华教会大学最终全部被中国政府接管并改造。结语部分对美国在华教会大学董事会制度的变迁历程进行了总结。
[Abstract]:From the declaration by the Dengzhou Cultural Assembly in 1877 that it had university standards, to the major adjustment of the faculties and departments in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1951, the American Church University in China experienced nearly a century of development. Because of its special church background, it also attracted a lot of criticism in the course of running a school. However, it has created an era and has become a striking event in the history of Chinese modern higher education. Although the school was opened for the purpose of spreading religious teachings, its vigorous development in the 1920s and its efforts to maintain the school after the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, objectively promoted the development of higher education in China. Many high-level talents have been trained for the country and nation, which is closely related to its high-quality university management system. This article takes the history of the board of directors system of the American church university in China as the research object, uses the literature analysis method, the history research method, the case analysis method, carries on the research analysis to the various school history archives, the school history monograph and so on. This paper attempts to summarize clearly the evolution and characteristics of the board of directors system of American church universities in China at each historical stage. The introduction mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic, the definition of important concepts, the current situation of the research on the board of directors system at home and abroad and the research methods adopted. The first chapter summarizes the system of American university board of directors, analyzes its membership structure, function and operation procedure, in order to get a clear understanding of the system of American university board of directors; Then it analyzes the board of directors system of American church universities in China from the middle of the 19th century to the 1920s, and probes into the board system of American church universities in China, such as Soochow University, Zhijiang University, Jinling University, etc. To get a clearer picture of the board system before the 1920s. The second chapter mainly analyzes the changes of the board system of American church universities in China from the 1920s to the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan. First of all, the social background of its vicissitude is explored. The visit of the Baton Mission to China prompted the reform of the right to education within the United States in China in the 1920s and the filing of the case. It also externally forced the board of directors of the American church university in China to be reorganized and then to Zhijiang University. St. John's University, Chilu University and other well-known American church universities in China, for example, analyze the changes that have taken place in the membership structure, functional competence, and operating procedures of the board of directors system. The proportion of board members on the board of directors in China accounts for 2 / 3 of the majority. The chairman of the council shall be Chinese, the board of directors shall be decentralized, its functions weakened, and its procedures interfered with by the government. Finally, the paper analyzes the characteristics of the institutional changes of the board of directors in this period, and points out that although the real power of the board of directors is still in the hands of foreigners at this time, the changes in structure, functions, etc. As a whole, it began to be "Chinese" and "indigenized". The third chapter explores the changes and reorganization of the board of directors system from the War of Resistance against Japan to the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China. In the turbulent times of the war, the board of directors system of the American church universities in China had to adjust its structure and operation procedures according to the needs of the wartime, and the temporary interruption of its ties with the Western churches weakened some of its functions. In the 1950s, the movement to recover the right to education was launched, resulting in the complete withdrawal of foreigners from the board of directors through the enactment of laws and decrees. The functions of the board of directors were also fully supervised by the government, and their work was reported to the government on a regular basis. The American church universities in China were eventually taken over and transformed by the Chinese government. The conclusion summarizes the evolution of the board of directors system in American church universities in China.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G649.29
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本文编号：1869900