林森奖学金公费留学研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 08:53

【摘要】：1937年2月,国民党中央常委会设立了以南京国民政府主席林森名字命名的奖学金,即林森七秩寿辰纪念奖学基金,简称林森奖学金,共包括两部分,本文侧重对林森奖学金公费留学部分进行研究。林森作为国府主席,对教育是极为重视的,对国家留学事业也极为关心。1937年,在林森七十寿辰之时,国民政府设立林森奖学金,用来资助优秀学子,以此种方式来为林森祝寿,并表彰他的功绩,这即是林森奖学金设立的缘由。林森奖学金设立之时正是民族危机加深之际,日本发起了全面侵华战争,在此期间中国人民的生产和生活遭到严重破坏,教育事业尤其是留学事业受到严重摧残,出国学生人数骤减。正是在此种形势下,南京国民政府教育部举行了两届林森奖学金公费留学考试。林森奖学金第一届公费留学考试,是根据制定的考试章程和办法,成立考选委员会,进行留学考试,确定录取学生之后,先让其在国内实习,随后派遣出国;林森奖学金第二届公费留学考试,是根据制定的考选办法,委托清华大学代办考试,但因报考学生的成绩不佳,考试又重新进行了一次,最后派遣录取者出国。通过对比同是以政府官员名义命名的林森奖学金与穆藕初奖学金,分析其异同点,以明确林森奖学金的优越性与局限性。首先,林森奖学金在近现代教育史上具有开创性和特殊性,它的施行为国家建设培养了人才,推动了近现代教育的发展,并为当今教育的发展带来启示。其次,林森奖学金公费留学考试内容受到政治因素的影响、考试的次数和派遣的学生都很少,持续时间也较短,因而其所产生的影响有限。尽管其作用和影响受到了局限,但是仍然具有研究的价值。林森奖学金是当时级别最高的奖学金之一,也是民国时期第一个以政府官员名义命名的奖学金,在中国近现代教育史上特别是留学史上具有特殊的意义。但遗憾的是,学界专门以林森奖学金为视角进行研究的成果几乎没有,在研究林森的专著和论文中也多是一笔带过,没有深入探究。因此,对林森奖学金展开研究,可以为林森的研究拾遗补缺,并丰富留学史的研究。
[Abstract]:In February 1937, the standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee established a scholarship named after Lin Sen, chairman of the Nanjing National Government, that is, the Lin Sen Seventh Rank Birthday Memorial Award Foundation, or Linson Scholarship, which consists of two parts. This paper focuses on the study of Linson Scholarship. As chairman of the National Government, Lin Sen attached great importance to education and was very concerned about the cause of studying abroad in the country. In 1937, when Lin Sen was seventy years old, the National Government established the Linson Scholarship, which was used to fund outstanding students, in this way to celebrate Lin Sen's birthday. And the recognition of his merit, this is the reason for the establishment of the Linson Scholarship. When the Linsen Scholarship was set up at a time of deepening national crisis, Japan launched an all-out war of aggression against China. During this period, the production and livelihood of the Chinese people were seriously damaged, and the cause of education, especially the cause of studying abroad, was severely destroyed. The number of students abroad has plummeted. It was under this situation that the Ministry of Education of Nanjing National Government held two examinations for studying abroad at the public expense of Linsen Scholarship. The first free study abroad examination of Linson Scholarship is to set up an examination election committee according to the rules and regulations of the examination, to make sure that the students are admitted, first to practice in China, and then to send them abroad. Lin Sen scholarship second free study abroad examination, is according to the formulation examination election method, entrusts the Tsinghua University to take the examination, but because the registration student's result is not good, the examination has carried on again, finally sends the student to go abroad. By comparing the Linson Scholarship named after the government officials and the Mu Guanchu Scholarship, this paper analyzes its similarities and differences, in order to clarify the superiority and limitation of Linson Scholarship. First of all, Linson Scholarship has the originality and particularity in the history of modern education, its implementation has trained the talented person for the national construction, has promoted the development of the modern education, and has brought the enlightenment to the present education development. Secondly, the contents of Linson Scholarship examination are influenced by political factors. The number of examinations and the number of students sent are few and the duration is short, so the influence is limited. Although its function and influence has been limited, it still has the research value. Linson Scholarship was one of the highest level scholarships at that time, and it was also the first scholarship named after the government official in the Republic of China. It has special significance in the history of Chinese modern education, especially in the history of studying abroad. Unfortunately, there is almost no research on Linson Scholarship in academic circles, and there is no deep exploration in the study of Linson's monographs and papers. Therefore, the research on Linson Scholarship can be a supplement to Linson's research and enrich the study of the history of studying abroad.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G648.9;K265

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