美国大学教学学术实践的研究
发布时间：2018-08-01 16:23
【摘要】：在我国高等教育发展中,提高教学质量,全面评价大学教师工作绩效,纠正大学过于重视科研、忽视教学的偏差,逐渐成为共识。重科研、轻教学也是美国高等教育广受诟病的一个问题。为此,20世纪90年代美国卡内基教学促进基金会提出了“教学学术”的概念,呼吁重视教学学术,并开展了一系列教学学术实践活动。之后,越来越多的大学开展重视教学学术,采取一系列措施,鼓励、支持教学学术的发展。相比对教师个体教学学术实践的研究,本文研究组织机构层面的美国大学教学学术实践。之所以选择这一角度,除方便研究的开展外,更重要的在于:大学教学学术不能仅依靠教师个体的职业自觉,更需要从组织化、制度化层面鼓励、支持、引领教师开展教学学术实践。本文在对教学学术的内涵、美国大学学术实践背景进行阐释的基础上,采用文献法、比较法和案例分析法,对美国大学外部组织和大学自身的教学学术实践进行了研究。在美国,以卡内基教学促进基金会为代表的民间组织是推动大学教学学术实践的重要力量。这些民间机构通过开展有关研究、设立专门项目、提供在线资源、组建专门领导机构等途径,推动大学教学学术的开展。在大学内部,通过增加教学在教师晋升和奖励中的权重、培养研究生的教学素养、教师招聘时考察教学能力、设立项目和奖励、促进教学学术成果交流等多种方式,鼓励、支持教学学术的开展。美国大学教学学术具有校内外组织合力推进、实施措施的配套性、参与的广泛性、内容的全面性等特点,虽然在实践中也面临着传统观念制约、经费短缺、评价机制不完善等问题,但总体而言,美国大学教学学术实践提高了教学的地位,促进了教学科学化。美国大学教学学术实践的重要启示:重视大学育人功能,提高大学教学质量;回归学术本真内涵,全面评价大学教师;多层面组织参与,构建大学教学学术实践支持系统;拓展大学教学学术实践途径,配套实践措施。
[Abstract]:In the development of higher education in China, it has gradually become a consensus to improve the teaching quality, evaluate the work performance of university teachers in an all-round way, correct too much attention to scientific research and neglect the deviation of teaching in universities. The emphasis on scientific research and less on teaching is also a subject of widespread criticism in American higher education. Therefore, in the 1990s, the Carnegie Foundation for the Promotion of Teaching in the United States put forward the concept of "teaching academic", called for the importance of teaching academic, and carried out a series of teaching academic practice activities. After that, more and more universities pay more and more attention to teaching and learning, and take a series of measures to encourage and support the development of teaching and learning. Compared with the research on teachers' individual teaching academic practice, this paper studies the academic practice of American university teaching at the organizational level. The reason for choosing this angle is that, in addition to facilitating the development of research, it is more important that university teaching and learning not only depend on the professional consciousness of the individual teachers, but also need to be encouraged and supported from a systematic and institutionalized level. Lead teachers to carry out teaching academic practice. On the basis of explaining the connotation of teaching and learning and the background of academic practice in American universities, this paper studies the teaching academic practice of American universities' external organizations and universities themselves by using the method of literature, comparison and case analysis. In the United States, non-governmental organizations, represented by Carnegie Foundation for the Promotion of Teaching, are important forces in promoting academic practice in university teaching. These private institutions promote the development of university teaching and learning by carrying out relevant research, setting up special projects, providing online resources and setting up specialized leading institutions. Within universities, by increasing the weight of teaching in teachers' promotion and reward, cultivating graduate students' teaching literacy, inspecting their teaching ability when recruiting teachers, setting up projects and awards, and promoting the exchange of academic achievements in teaching, etc., To support the development of teaching and learning. The teaching and learning of American universities is characterized by the joint efforts of the organizations in and out of the school, the matching of the implementation measures, the universality of participation, the comprehensiveness of the contents, and so on. Although in practice, they are also faced with the constraints of traditional concepts and the shortage of funds. The evaluation mechanism is not perfect, but generally speaking, the academic practice in American universities improves the status of teaching and promotes the scientization of teaching. The important enlightenment of American university teaching academic practice is to attach importance to the function of university education, to improve the quality of university teaching, to return to the true connotation of academic learning, to evaluate university teachers in an all-round way, to organize the participation of multi-level organizations, and to construct the supporting system of university teaching academic practice. To expand the academic practice of university teaching, supporting practical measures.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.712
[Abstract]:In the development of higher education in China, it has gradually become a consensus to improve the teaching quality, evaluate the work performance of university teachers in an all-round way, correct too much attention to scientific research and neglect the deviation of teaching in universities. The emphasis on scientific research and less on teaching is also a subject of widespread criticism in American higher education. Therefore, in the 1990s, the Carnegie Foundation for the Promotion of Teaching in the United States put forward the concept of "teaching academic", called for the importance of teaching academic, and carried out a series of teaching academic practice activities. After that, more and more universities pay more and more attention to teaching and learning, and take a series of measures to encourage and support the development of teaching and learning. Compared with the research on teachers' individual teaching academic practice, this paper studies the academic practice of American university teaching at the organizational level. The reason for choosing this angle is that, in addition to facilitating the development of research, it is more important that university teaching and learning not only depend on the professional consciousness of the individual teachers, but also need to be encouraged and supported from a systematic and institutionalized level. Lead teachers to carry out teaching academic practice. On the basis of explaining the connotation of teaching and learning and the background of academic practice in American universities, this paper studies the teaching academic practice of American universities' external organizations and universities themselves by using the method of literature, comparison and case analysis. In the United States, non-governmental organizations, represented by Carnegie Foundation for the Promotion of Teaching, are important forces in promoting academic practice in university teaching. These private institutions promote the development of university teaching and learning by carrying out relevant research, setting up special projects, providing online resources and setting up specialized leading institutions. Within universities, by increasing the weight of teaching in teachers' promotion and reward, cultivating graduate students' teaching literacy, inspecting their teaching ability when recruiting teachers, setting up projects and awards, and promoting the exchange of academic achievements in teaching, etc., To support the development of teaching and learning. The teaching and learning of American universities is characterized by the joint efforts of the organizations in and out of the school, the matching of the implementation measures, the universality of participation, the comprehensiveness of the contents, and so on. Although in practice, they are also faced with the constraints of traditional concepts and the shortage of funds. The evaluation mechanism is not perfect, but generally speaking, the academic practice in American universities improves the status of teaching and promotes the scientization of teaching. The important enlightenment of American university teaching academic practice is to attach importance to the function of university education, to improve the quality of university teaching, to return to the true connotation of academic learning, to evaluate university teachers in an all-round way, to organize the participation of multi-level organizations, and to construct the supporting system of university teaching academic practice. To expand the academic practice of university teaching, supporting practical measures.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.712
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