比彻尔—伯克修辞情境模式下奥巴马2016年国情咨文演说研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 00:43

本文关键词： 修辞情境国情咨文同一修辞策略　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：修辞情境是当代西方修辞学尚存在争议的概念之一。1968年,比彻尔发表《修辞情境》一文,首次系统地阐述了修辞情境的本质、构成、作用等,为修辞学开辟了一个崭新的领域。肯尼斯·伯克是新修辞学的奠基人。1973年,他把修辞扩大到人类的生存环境。在对修辞情境进行深入研究时,伯克提出了同一理论,这是修辞学研究的一大飞跃,为现代修辞批评提供了一个重要的视角。美国国情咨文的听众不再局限于美国国内,不仅仅包括国会议员和美国普通民众,还有来自世界各国的民众。美国总统提前备好演讲稿,通过修辞语篇与民众达成同一从而取得一定的修辞效果。从修辞角度对其研究具有重要意义。本文探讨了修辞情境理论,并指出比彻尔修辞情境理论的不足,进而引入肯尼斯·伯克的同一理论,将二者相互结合,形成新的比彻尔-伯克修辞情境模式,作为该论文的理论框架。在研究方法上,本文采取定性分析的方法。从美国白宫网站上选取奥巴马总统2016年国情咨文演说作为研究语料。首先,文章分析了国情咨文的修辞情境。然后,在剖析紧急状态、听众和限制因素的基础上,从内容和形式上来论述奥巴马如何与听众形成同一,从而实现演讲的目的。本研究表明政治演讲依赖特定的政治情境。奥巴马善于分析所处修辞情境中的三大要素,能够很好地辨别出紧急状态,把握听众,运用修辞话语达到对应的修辞效果。为了实现与听众的同一,奥巴马多次使用修辞策略。内容上,奥巴马主要采用了同情同一,对立同一和误同三种认同方式。形式上,奥巴马主要采用了规约形式,重复形式,前进形式和修辞格形式四种认同形式。这些修辞策略使奥巴马的国情咨文更具有说服力,利于奥巴马与听众之间形成同一,进而取得了良好的修辞效果。本研究也再次证明奥巴马是一位杰出的演说家。该研究也使得人们对修辞情境理论和同一理论有了进一步的了解。同时它也扩大了这些理论的应用领域,为人们解读演讲语篇提供了另外的视角。此外,本研究可以帮助学生学会如何进行修辞批评,因而对英语教学也有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Rhetorical context is one of the controversial concepts in contemporary western rhetoric. In 1968, Beachell published the rhetoric situation, which for the first time systematically expounded the essence, composition and function of rhetorical situation. It opens a new field for rhetoric. Kenneth Burke is the founder of new rhetoric. In 1973, he extended rhetoric to the human environment. Burke put forward the same theory, which is a big leap in rhetoric research and provides an important perspective for modern rhetoric criticism. The audience of the State of the Union address is no longer confined to the United States. Not just members of Congress and ordinary Americans, but also people from around the world. The president prepared his speech ahead of time. This paper discusses the theory of rhetorical situation and points out the deficiency of Beachell's theory of situational rhetoric. And then we introduce Kenneth Burke's theory of the same and combine the two together to form a new Beachell Burke rhetorical situational model as the theoretical framework of this thesis. This paper adopts the qualitative analysis method. It selects President Obama's State of the Union address on 2016 from the White House website as the research corpus. First, the article analyzes the rhetoric situation of the State of the Union address. Then it analyzes the situation of the State of the Union address. Based on the analysis of states of emergency, audience and constraints, this paper discusses how Obama and his audience form the same in terms of content and form. In order to achieve the purpose of speech. This study shows that political speech depends on specific political situation. Obama is good at analyzing the three elements of the rhetorical situation in order to distinguish the state of emergency and grasp the audience. In order to achieve the same with the audience, Obama used rhetorical strategies many times. In the content, Obama mainly adopted sympathy for the same. There are three ways of identity: opposites and misunderstandings. In form, Obama mainly adopts the form of statute and the form of repetition. These rhetorical strategies make Obama's State of the Union address more persuasive and conducive to the formation of the same between Obama and the audience. This study also proves that Obama is an outstanding orator. The study has also made people have a better understanding of the theory of rhetorical situation and the same theory. At the same time, it has also expanded. The application of these theories. In addition, this study can help students learn how to make rhetorical criticism, which is helpful to the teaching of English.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H315

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