汉语“气”与英语Air的隐喻对比研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 12:19

本文关键词： 对比研究气/air隐喻文化　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“气/air”同风、水一样,是大自然中不可替代的重要元素,语言中存在大量有关“气/air”的隐喻表达。长期以来,中国学者分别从哲学,传统中医和美学角度对“气”进行了研究。也有一些关于“气”隐喻的研究,但这些研究只局限于传统中医领域,并且对隐喻的理据分析不足。以往对“气”和“air”的对比研究也很少。本文在确保了汉语“气”和英语“air”原始意义相同的情况下,对汉语“气”和英语“air”隐喻进行对比研究,探讨“气/air”隐喻的理据,并且通过对汉英“气/air”隐喻的识别,对相同隐喻和不同隐喻进行归类,并且分析原因。研究问题如下:(1)汉语“气”隐喻有哪些?(2)英语“air”隐喻有哪些?(3)汉语“气”和英语“air”的隐喻有哪些异同及其理据?本文采用LakoffJohnson(1980)提出的概念隐喻理论(CMT)和K?vecses(2005)提出的认知文化隐喻理论(CCMT)作为理论框架。概念隐喻理论主要用于识别“气/air”隐喻,为不同文化隐喻的分析提供依据基础。认知文化隐喻理论用于解释不同文化下“气/air”隐喻的差异。本文从认知语言学角度出发,基于以上两个理论,对汉英“气/air”隐喻进行对比研究,本文以北京大学中国语言学研究中心语料库(CCL)和美国当代英语语料库(COCA)以及《英语常用核心词汇学习手册》和《综合英语成语词典》作为语料选取来源,并借助于语料库METALUDE对“气/air”隐喻进行识别。本文主要针对隐喻研究,因此语料筛选会排除一些死隐喻如“气体”和“air pollution”,以及转喻语料。同时,为了降低研究结果的主观性,本文在研究过程中对汉英“气/air”隐喻分类以及隐喻异同的理据进行了5人小组讨论,经过数据收集,分类和对比分析,本文得出以下结论:第一,在所收集的语料中,共有14类汉语“气”隐喻和英语“air”隐喻。汉语气隐喻有8类:“样子是气”;“傲慢是气”;“精力是气”;“命运是气”;“疾病症状是气”;“愤怒是气”;“勇气是气”和“委屈是气”。英语“air”隐喻有6类:“自由是air”“样子是air”;“氛围是air”“傲慢是air”;“广播是air”和“观点是air”。其中,汉语“气”和英语“air”有两类相似隐喻:“样子是气/air”和“傲慢是气/air”。其他隐喻都为各自独有。第二,汉英“气/air”的隐喻中存在共性主要因为隐喻根植于人类对世界的感知和体验,而这种感知体验在不同的文化中具有普遍性,因而中英文中存在相似的“气/air”隐喻。第三,中英文“气/air”隐喻存在个性,并且个性大于共性。这种现象主要归结为三个因素:自身体验,社会文化环境和认知过程。研究还发现,汉语“气”隐喻在数量上和分布上占绝对优势,这主要是由“气”在中国传统文化中的不可替代的地位决定的。本文通过结合概念隐喻理论和认知文化隐喻理论来分析解释隐喻对比现象,拓展了认知语言学的研究领域并且提高了认知理论的解释力。此外,本次隐喻对比研究为跨文化交际以及翻译和外语教学活动提供了启示。
[Abstract]:"/air" with the wind, like water, is an irreplaceable important element in the nature, there are large number of "/air" expression of metaphor in language. For a long time, China scholars from philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine and aesthetics of "Qi". There are also some about "gas" metaphor research, but these studies are confined to the field of traditional Chinese medicine, and metaphor analysis. Previous contrastive study of "Qi" and "air" are few. In this paper, to ensure that the Chinese "gas" and "air" in English original meaning under the same circumstances, the comparative study of Chinese "gas" and the English "air" metaphor, "motivation of gas /air" metaphor, and through the recognition of Chinese and English "air /air" metaphor, metaphor and metaphor are different for the same classification, and analyze the reasons. The research questions are as follows: (1) what are the Chinese "gas" metaphor? (2) what are the English "air" metaphor? (3) the Chinese metaphor of "Qi" and "air" in English what are the similarities and differences between their motivations? This paper uses LakoffJohnson (1980) proposed the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) and K? Vecses (2005) cognitive cultural metaphor theory as theory (CCMT) the framework of conceptual metaphor theory. Mainly used for identification of "air /air" metaphor, provide the basis for the foundation for the analysis of different cultural metaphors. The cognitive metaphor theory to explain the culture of different cultures "/air" metaphor differences. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, more than two based on the theory of the comparative study of Chinese and English "/air" metaphor in this paper, research center of Peking University (CCL) Chinese corpus linguistics and corpus of contemporary American English (COCA) and the common core English vocabulary learning manual < > and < > comprehensive dictionary of English idioms as the corpus source selection, and with the help of METALUDE corpus to identify "/air" metaphor. This paper studies on metaphor, so the corpus selection will exclude some dead metaphors such as "gas" and "air pollution", as well as the metonymy corpus. At the same time, in order to reduce the subjectivity of the Chinese "air /air" classification of metaphors and metaphorical similarities and differences between the motivations for a group of 5 people in the course of the study are discussed, through data collection, analysis of classification and comparison, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, in the data collected, there are 14 types of Chinese "gas" metaphor and "air" in English metaphor. Chinese mood metaphor has 8 kinds: "what is the" gas "; arrogance is gas"; "energy is gas"; "destiny is gas"; "disease symptom is gas"; "anger is gas"; "courage is gas" and "wronged gas". "Air" in English metaphor has 6 kinds: "freedom is air" "air" is like "atmosphere; Wai is air "" arrogance is air ";" air radio "and" air ". The Chinese" gas "and" air "in English has two similar metaphors:" like /air "and" arrogant gas /air ". Other metaphors for their unique commonness. Second. Mainly because metaphor is rooted in human perception of the world and the experience of Chinese English Metaphor" /air gas ", and this perception is universal in different cultures, so English in similar" air /air "metaphor. In third, English" air /air "metaphors have personality, and personality more than common. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to three factors: personal experience, social and cultural environment and cognitive processes. The study also found that the Chinese" gas "metaphor occupies the absolute superiority in quantity and distribution, which is mainly composed of" Qi "in the traditional culture of Chinese irreplaceable place decision In this paper. By combining the theory of conceptual metaphor and cognitive metaphor theory to explain the cultural metaphor phenomenon, expand the research field of cognitive linguistics and improve cognitive theory explanation. In addition, the contrastive study of metaphor provides inspiration for cross-cultural communication and foreign language teaching and translation activities.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H15;H315

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