英汉语篇中拓扑关系表达及其理据探析

发布时间：2018-02-24 10:34

本文关键词： 英汉对比拓扑关系表达认知理据　出处：《北京第二外国语学院学报》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文对比考察英汉叙事语篇中的拓扑关系表达及其认知理据。根据收集的语料,梳理出接近、接触、内含3种拓扑关系,并作了详细分析,发现英汉拓扑关系表达有共性也有差异。共性有二:一是英汉语都使用封闭类介词成分表达拓扑关系,描述目标体位置;二是英汉语料中都包含"目标体—参照物"http://www.cnki.com.cn/"参照物—目标体"两种语序结构。这样的共性被证实是表面而抽象的,可归因于人类空间认知的普遍性。差异性及其理据体现在三方面:其一,英语仅用介词而汉语主要用后置方位词确立目标体位置,究其原因,英语介词本身能完整表达方位义,但汉语介词"在"不能,因此须用方位词表达方位义。其二,句子层拓扑表达,英语中目标体大都先于参照物,而汉语中参照物几乎总是先于目标体,这一差异是由英汉说话者为凸显句子中特定物体所做的认知参照点分析不同造成的。其三,短语层拓扑表达,英语中目标体一律前置于参照物,汉语中参照物一律前置于目标体,这样的对立性被论证是因英汉说话者进行的短语结构参照点分析不同造成的。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a contrastive study of the expressions of topological relations and their cognitive motivations in English and Chinese narrative discourses. According to the collected data, three kinds of topological relations are sorted out and analyzed in detail. It is found that there are similarities and differences in the expressions of topological relations between English and Chinese. There are two commonalities: one is that both English and Chinese use closed prepositions to express topological relations and describe the position of the objects; Second, there are two word order structures in both English and Chinese corpus, "target / reference" http: / / "cnki.com.cni.com.cnni.cni.com.cni.cni.com." such commonalities have been proved to be superficial and abstract. It can be attributed to the universality of human spatial cognition. The differences and their motivations are reflected in three aspects: first, English only uses prepositions and Chinese mainly uses postpositional words to establish the position of the target body, and the reason is that the English prepositions themselves can fully express the locative meaning. But the Chinese preposition "Zai" can't, so it is necessary to express the orientation meaning with the azimuth word. Secondly, the sentence level topological expression, the target aspect in English mostly precedes the reference, but the Chinese reference almost always precedes the target. This difference is caused by the different cognitive reference points used by English and Chinese speakers to highlight specific objects in sentences. In Chinese, reference objects are always placed in front of the target, which is proved to be due to the different reference point analysis of phrase structure carried out by English and Chinese speakers.
【作者单位】：广东外语外贸大学外语研究与语言服务协同创新中心;广东外语外贸大学英文学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“汉英空间语言比较研究”(项目编号:13YJA740033)的研究成果之一
【分类号】：H315;H15

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