变化与延续：通过官方言语行为分析比较布什政府与奥巴马政府的对华形象认知

发布时间：2018-03-15 04:14

本文选题：建构主义　切入点：言语行为　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中美关系是当代国际关系中最为重要也最为复杂的双边关系之一,在今天的学界中备受关注。理清中美关系应首先理解两国如何认知对方,因为政府决策层对客观世界以及对象国的认知决定了政府政策的形成原因与形成程序。许多学者从公共外交、媒体学和历史学等角度分析美国的对华认知,但鲜有人从政府角度入手。因此,本文尝试从政府维度出发,将研究范围限于小布什政府至奥巴马政府时期美国政府的对华认知,以期深入了解21世纪的美国全球利益落脚点和外交决策出发点。运用定性研究的文本分析法,并结合国际关系中的建构主义理论,本文通过分析官方"言语行为"来比较小布什政府与奥巴马政府的对华认知,并试图通过对比来发现两届政府对华认知的延续与改变及其原因。原始研究数据来源于美国政府的"言语行为",即官方文件,高级官员的公开讲话、公共采访等。本文不仅在纵向上检视自小布什政府至奥巴马政府期间的对华认知,还从横向上将研究分为三大议题,即安全、经济和价值观,均与美国国家利益紧密相连。研究表明,美国政府的对华认知因政府而异、因议题而异。在安全领域,小布什政府与奥巴马政府均将中国视为军事上的竞争者,通过实现军事现代化以谋求挑战美国建立的国际秩序;而又将中国视为一致反恐的合作伙伴;但在对抗气候变化方面,中国的形象从小布什期间的非合作者逐渐演变成奥巴马期间的合作伙伴。在经济领域,尽管中国正式加入世界贸易组织后,中美两国保持着密切的贸易往来,贸易总额也逐年上升,但两届政府均把中国视为有力的竞争者。在价值观领域,两届政府均把中国视为践踏普世价值观,尤其是人权的敌人。本文发现变化与延续背后的原因有二。首先,两届总统内阁的成员持不同意识形态与价值观,代表多样化的立场,故导致不同的对华认知。其次,从建构主义角度着眼,当主要行为体所建立起来的原有规则受到新兴行为体挑战时,主要行为体将通过各类途径,包括降低对新兴行为体的认知或提升对其认知,以维护自己所建立的规则,并实现利益最大化。同理,美国政府高层通过言语行为反复强调中国应顺应原有国际秩序,不难看出维护现存国际秩序是每一届美国政府的题中应有之义,而两届政府对华认知的变与不变均因维护国际秩序的需要而有所不同。简言之,要深入理解两届美国政府对华认知变化与延续,关键在于意识形态与规则维护。
[Abstract]:Sino-US relations, one of the most important and complex bilateral relations in contemporary international relations, have attracted much attention in today's academic circles. In order to clarify Sino-US relations, we should first understand how the two countries perceive each other. This is because the perception of the objective world and the target country in government decision-making determines the reasons and procedures for the formation of government policy. Many scholars have analyzed the United States' perception of China from the perspectives of public diplomacy, media and history. However, few people start from the angle of government. Therefore, this paper tries to limit the scope of the study from the perspective of government to the cognition of the US administration to China during the period from the Bush administration to the Obama administration. In order to understand the global interests of the United States in 21th century and the starting point of diplomatic decision-making. The text analysis method of qualitative research, combined with the constructivism theory in international relations, This paper compares the perception of the Bush administration with the Obama administration on China by analyzing the official "speech acts". And try to find out the continuity and change of the two governments' perception of China and the reasons through comparison. The original data of the research come from the "speech acts" of the US government, that is, the official documents, and the public speeches of senior officials. Public interviews and so on. This paper not only examines vertically the perception of China from the Bush administration to the Obama administration, but also divides the study into three major issues, namely, security, economy and values. Both are closely linked to the national interests of the United States. Studies have shown that the perception of China by the United States government varies from government to issue. In the area of security, both the Bush administration and the Obama administration regard China as a military competitor. Seeking to challenge the international order established by the United States by modernizing its military; viewing China as a concerted partner in counter-terrorism; but in the fight against climate change, China's image has evolved from a non-partner under George W. Bush to a partner during the Obama period. In the economic field, despite China's formal accession to the World Trade Organization, China and the United States have maintained close trade ties. The volume of trade has also risen year by year, but both governments have seen China as a strong competitor. In the field of values, both governments have seen China as a violation of universal values. Especially the enemies of human rights. This paper finds that there are two reasons behind the changes and continuations. First, the members of the two presidential cabinets hold different ideologies and values and represent diverse positions, thus leading to different perceptions of China. From the perspective of constructivism, when the original rules established by the main actors are challenged by the emerging actors, the main actors will adopt various ways, including reducing or enhancing their cognition of the emerging actors. In order to uphold the rules established by itself and to maximize the benefits. Similarly, the high echelons of the US government have repeatedly stressed through their speech acts that China should conform to the existing international order. It is not difficult to see that the maintenance of the existing international order is an integral part of the question of every American government, and the changes and invariance of the two administrations' perceptions of China are different from those of the need to maintain the international order. In short, In order to understand the changes and continuations of the two administrations' cognition of China, the key lies in the maintenance of ideology and rules.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

【相似文献】