基于语料库的英语形容词性过去分词的语义功能研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 12:40

本文选题：形容词性过去分词　切入点：构式　出处：《杭州师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：英语中的过去分词(past participles),用法比较特殊,因而成为语言学研究的焦点之一。在偏正结构的名词短语中,过去分词是名词的修饰语,其功能类似于形容词,因此被称作形容词性的过去分词(Adjectival Past Participles),简称APP。目前,国内外针对APP研究的视角主要有传统语法、语用学及认知语法。APP由动词派生而成,所以兼有动词和形容词的特性。Langacker认为,过去分词是含有PERF词素的动词,PERF词素有四个变体,其中APP涉及两个PERF词素:PERF1(表示作定语APP)和PERF2(表示做表语APP)。本研究重点探讨前者,即作前置定语APP的用法。但是,关于APP的用法和功能,文献中的意见不统一。在认知语法的Qualifying construction描述中,前置ppl和形容词被归并为一类,因为它的用法是用某种情境来表达“特质”。另外,秦裕祥却把APP的功能界定为范畴化或“次范畴化”。蹇瑶进一步区分了APP短语的两种构式(带副词的和不带副词的)。那么,在名词短语结构中,APP作为修饰语,到底起什么作用呢?本文围绕两个中心问题进行探讨:1.APP与被动式分词、完成式分词有何关联?2.APP与纯形容词能否相互替换?本研究根据“类别-特质连续统”(category-property continuum)和动词语义类别,辨析APP与英语类似成分(被动式、纯形容词)的关系,对APP的结构、语义和功能进行深入分析。本研究语料来自英国国家语料库(BNC),通过检索提取BNC中所有的“APP+名词”用例,以及被动式结构(BE+ppl)、完成式结构(HAVE+ppl)以及prenominal纯形容词(adj.+Noun)。数据通过构式量化分析工具coll.analysis 3.2a分析,结果表明:APP与被动式分词、完成式分词虽然形式是相似,但三类ppl各自所聚集的动词截然不同,说明三类ppl表达的意义也有各自的倾向性。通过与纯形容词对比,我们发现,APP的用法比较复杂,有的表示分类功能(categorizing),有的APP描述名词所指事物暂时的属性或因某动作而导致的状态,具有动态性。而形容词用作名词修饰语时表示的则是名词所指事物永恒的、稳定的属性,具有稳定性。本研究发现,带有修饰语或前缀的APP在英语使用中更为普遍,这对英语课堂教学具有启示作用,有利于帮助中国英语EFL学习者更好的学习英语。
[Abstract]:In English, the past participle is a special participle, so it has become one of the focal points in linguistic research. In the noun phrase with positive structure, the past participle is a modifier of a noun, and its function is similar to that of an adjective. Therefore, the past participle, called adjective Past participle, is referred to as "appa". At present, traditional grammar, pragmatics and cognitive grammar. App is derived from verbs, so it has the characteristics of verbs and adjectives. In the past, there were four variants in the verb of PERF morpheme, APP involving two PERF morphemes: PERF1 and PERF2. This study focuses on the use of the former, that is, APP, which is the prepositional attribute. There is disagreement in the literature about the usage and function of APP. In the Qualifying construction description of cognitive grammar, the preceding ppl and adjectives are grouped together because it is used to express "idiosyncratic" in a certain context. However, Qin Yuxiang defined the function of APP as categorization or subcategorization. Jian Yao further distinguished the two constructions of APP phrase (with and without adverb). So, what is the function of app as modifier in noun phrase structure? This paper focuses on two central issues: 1. How does the perfect participle have any relation with the passive participle? Can 2.APP and pure adjectives replace each other? According to category-property continuum and verb semantic category, this study analyzes the relationship between APP and similar English elements (passive, pure adjective), and analyzes the structure of APP. Semantic and functional analysis. The present study is based on the British National Corpus (BNC), which is used to retrieve all the "APP nouns" in BNC. And the data of passive structure, complete structure and prenominal pure adjective are analyzed by coll.analysis 3.2a. The results show that the perfect participle is similar to the passive participle. However, the verbs gathered by the three ppl groups are very different, indicating that the meanings of the three ppl expressions have their own tendentiousness. By contrasting with the pure adjectives, we find that the usage of app is quite complex. Some denote categorization, some APP describe the temporary attribute of the noun or the state caused by an action, and the adjective is used as a noun modifier to represent the permanent and stable attribute of the noun. The present study finds that APP with modifiers or prefixes is more common in English use, which has enlightening effect on English classroom teaching and helps Chinese EFL learners to learn English better.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H314.3

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