基于原型范畴理论的英语构词法研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 23:39

本文选题：英语构词法　切入点：原型范畴理论　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：构词法,作为一种重要的语言学现象,主要研究的是词的内部构造与组成,即将词分析为最小的结构单位—词素,重在探讨这些结构单位的性质、语音、意义,以及如何相互组合而构成新词。根据原型范畴理论,原型是人类对世界进行范畴化的重要认知参照点。原型是范畴中最好、最典型的成员而其他范畴成员是围绕其而存在的。本文从认知语言学的角度,运用其典型理论—原型范畴理论对英语这种世界上最重要的语言之一的构词方法进行了分析,着重探讨英语构词法的范畴结构,不仅有利于进一步认识英语单词的内部结构和规律,而且在一定程度上可以使英语词汇学习变得简单、高效,使得较快扩大词汇量成为可能。本论文主由有三个部分构成。第一部分为引言部分。主要介绍论文的研究角度、背景、目的及意义。从认知角度对英语构词法的原型范畴进行分析能够弥补以往研究的不足,完善构词法的研究模式。第二部分是正文部分,是论文的主体部分。该部分主要包括三章内容。第一章是文献综述。主要分两小节进行撰写:第一小节对构词法做简要概述,分别从三个角度进行介绍,即结构主义语言学的英语构词法研究、生成语法的英语构词法研究以及认知语言学的英语构词法研究等;第二小节是本论文的理论框架,主要包括经典范畴理论和原型范畴理论,其中原型范畴理论主要从五个方面角度进行阐述,即维特根斯坦的家族相似性、罗斯的原型概念、德克的原型范畴以及典型成员与非典型成员等等,为论文的撰写打下坚实的理论基础。第二章是用原型范畴的理论具体分析英语的构词过程—合成构词法,该章节主要从四小节进行详细阐述:首先,介绍了英语合成构词法及其类型,合成构词法指的是由两个或是两个以上的词或是词素组成的一种构词法,主要包括词缀法和复合法;其次,分析了英语合成构词法中的典型词根和典型词缀,其中,典型词缀包含四个主要特征即黏着性、定位性、能产性以及语义泛化,在词缀范畴中居于原型的地位,而四个主要特征一个也不具备的词素则属于典型词根;再次,介绍了英语合成构词法中的非典型词根与非典型词缀,其前者主要包括黏着词根和定位词根,后者主要是类词缀;最后,总结了英语合成构词法的范畴结构:词根和词缀作为合成构词法的原料本身就是内部成员典型程度不一、边界相互渗透的原型范畴,合成构词法则是从典型派生逐渐过渡到典型复合的双中心原型范畴,合成词在范畴中的位置取决于词缀和词根本身的典型程度以及他们的组合形式。第三章用原型范畴理论具体分析英语的构词过程—转换构词法,该章节主要分四个小节进行撰写:第一小节从语法转换角度进行分析,包括完全语法转换与部分语法转换;第二小节从意义转换方面进行解释;第三小节从形变转换方面进行分析;第四小节对英语转换构词法的范畴结构进行阐述:转换作为一种相当能产的构词手段,实际上是一个内部成员地位不平等、边界模糊的原型范畴;语法转换,尤其是完全语法转换,整体上具有较高的原型等级,属于范畴中比较典型的成员;处于边缘地位的非典型转换,主要沿着两个维度转开,一是语义维度,二是语言形式维度,从典型的语法转换到处于范畴边缘的意义转换和形变转换,是一个连续渐变的过程。文章的最后一部分为结论。作者主对本论文进行总结,得出了一些研究发现,同时指出了本论文存在的局限性与不足之处。原型范畴理论,已经被广泛应用于语义学、语用学、句法学、以及语音学等语言学领域的研究中,而基于此理论关于英语构词法的研究成果却很少。事实上,原型范畴理论在对英语构词法的解释方面仍然很有说服力。本论文旨在研究英语构词法的范畴结构,拓宽原型范畴理论的应用领域,完善英语构词法的研究模式。
[Abstract]:Word formation, as an important linguistic phenomenon, mainly studies the internal structure of the word, the word is the smallest unit of analysis, focusing on the nature of these morphemes, structural units of pronunciation, meaning, and how to combine them into new words. According to the prototype theory, the prototype is an important cognitive category to the world reference point. The prototype is in the category of the best, the most typical members and other members of the category are centered on it. This paper from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, using the typical theory --- the prototype theory of word formation is one of the most important languages in the world English were analyzed emphatically to explore the category structure of English word formation, not only conducive to the further understanding of the internal structure of English words and rules, but also can make the English vocabulary learning becomes simple and efficient in a certain extent. The rapid expansion of vocabulary, become possible. This thesis consists of three parts. The first part is the introduction. The research angle, mainly introduces the background, purpose and significance. Analysis can make up for the shortcomings of previous studies on the prototype English word formation from the cognitive perspective, perfect the research mode of word formation. Second is the main body part is the main part of the thesis. This part includes three chapters. The first chapter is the literature review. Mainly divided into two sections: the first section do write a brief overview of the formation, were introduced from three aspects, namely the study of English word formation structural linguistics, generative grammar of English word formation study of cognitive linguistics and English word formation research; the second section is the theoretical framework of this thesis, mainly including classical category theory and prototype theory, the prototype The theory mainly from five aspects: Wittgenstein's point of view, family resemblance, the prototype concept of Ross, Dirk prototype and typical members and non typical members and so on, lay a solid theoretical foundation for this paper. The second chapter is the use of prototype category theory to analyze the process of word formation of English word building method. This chapter mainly elaborates from four sections: first, introduced the synthesis of English word formation and word formation types, synthesis refers to by two or more than two words or a word formation morpheme composition, including affixation and compounding; secondly, analyzed the typical roots and affixes English word formation, synthesis of the typical affixes contains four main features: adhesion, orientation, productive and semantic generalization, is the prototype position in the Affix category, and the four main Do not have the characteristics of a morpheme is a typical root; again, the synthesis of English word formation in atypical atypical roots and affixes, the former mainly includes bound root and root position, the latter is mainly quasiaffixes; finally, summarizes the category structure of English word formation synthesis: roots and affixes as word building method the material itself is not a typical member of the internal degree, the prototype boundary infiltration, word building rule is a gradual transition to the double center prototype composite derived from typical typical, typical degree of position words in the synthesis in the category depends on affixes and roots itself and their combination form. In the third chapter, with the prototype theory the specific analysis process of word formation of English word formation conversion, this chapter is divided into four sections: the first section writing from grammar angle conversion were analyzed, including Complete syntax conversion and syntax conversion; the second section from third aspects to explain the significance of the conversion; conversion section from the aspects of deformation analysis; the fourth section elaborates on the category structure of English word formation conversion: conversion as a very productive means of word formation, is actually a member of unequal status, the boundary of the prototype the category of fuzzy grammar; conversion, especially complete syntax conversion, the prototype has the higher level on the whole, which belongs to the typical members in the category; atypical marginalized, mainly along the two dimensions of open and a semantic dimension, the two dimension is a form of language, from the typical grammar into meaning transformation in category the edge of the deformation and transformation, is a continuous process. The last part is the conclusion. The author of this paper summarized, draws some research found that the same Pointed out the limitations and shortcomings of this paper. The prototype theory, has been widely used in semantics, syntax, pragmatics, linguistics and phonetics research field, and the theoretical research results on English word formation based on little. In fact, the prototype theory in English word formation the interpretation is still very persuasive. This thesis aims to study the category structure of English word formation, widen the application of prototype theory, improve the model of English word formation.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H314.1

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