顺应论视角下奥巴马演讲的语境顺应分析

发布时间：2018-04-24 13:31

本文选题：奥巴马演讲 + 顺应论　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：政治演讲是公众演讲的一种重要形式,通常用于对国家的内政和外交表明立场和宣传主张。总统演讲作为其中典型的代表,在政治生活中扮演着极为重要的角色。巴拉克·奥巴马是美国历史上第一位非裔美国总统,纵观其政治生涯,从他踏入世界政治舞台开始,就凭借其雄辩的演讲才能,掀起了一波学英语热潮。直至今日,他的演讲仍是许多公众演讲爱好者学习的榜样。同时,国内外很多学者对其演讲做了不同方向的研究。例如,从文体修辞,话语批评,人际意义等方面进行分析。但是,这些研究只局限于一种单一、静态的描述,不够全面和系统。而政治演讲作为一种独白性语篇,与其他言语交际活动一样,是一个对语言进行动态选择的过程。演讲者需要充分考虑到与语境相关的因素,在符合社会背景和社交场合的前提下,注意自身的言谈举止,塑造良好的公众形象。在语言的选择上,演讲内容要符合人们的心理,引起听众的共鸣,最终实现其交际意图。因而,本文试图在维索尔伦顺应论的基础上,从顺应语境相关因素的角度对其演讲进行分析,从而探究奥巴马如何通过顺应交际语境和语言语境来打动并说服听众,从而获得群众的共鸣和支持。维索尔伦的顺应论是在其著作《语用学新解》中提出并进一步诠释的,他认为:语言的变异性、商讨性和顺应性的特征使得人们在语言使用过程中可以做出不断的选择。同时,为了实现交际目的,在语言选择的过程中,语言使用者需要对语境的相关因素做出顺应,并对语言的结构进行选择。所以,对语境相关因素的分析是至关重要的。维索尔伦把语境相关因素分为交际语境和语言语境。其中,在语言使用过程中,交际双方所包含的物理世界,社交世界和心理世界称为交际语境。此外,把言语交际过程中根据语境选择的各种语言表达方式称为语言语境。本文以顺应论为理论框架,分别从交际语境和语言语境两方面展开对奥巴马演讲的分析,尝试回答以下四个问题:1.奥巴马的政治演讲顺应了语镜因素的哪些方面?2.奥巴马的演讲是如何顺应人们的物理世界,社交世界和心理世界的?3.奥巴马采取了什么语篇手段来顺应语言语境的?4.对于语境相关因素的顺应在奥巴马的演讲中达到了什么效果?全文共分五章。第一章对课题研究的背景、意义及目的进行概述;第二章是论文的文献综述部分,从国内外两方面分别对顺应论、奥巴马的政治演讲及语境的相关研究进行了简要的回顾;第三章介绍了本课题研究的理论框架——顺应论,并介绍了主要的研究问题和研究方法;第四章是本文的重点部分,从顺应语境因素的各个方面具体地分析奥巴马的政治演讲。在交际语境方面,奥巴马考虑到当时所处社会背景和社交场合,选择合适的语言和表达方式从而顺应听众的物理世界、社交世界和心理世界。在语言语境方面,奥巴马运用了多种衔接和互文方式以求达到与听众的共鸣。第五章是对本课题研究的总结,指出当前存在的问题以及对后续研究的启示意义。本文认为,奥巴马的演讲之所以能够深深地打动人心,正是因为其在交际语境上考虑到听众的内心;在语言语境上,采用适当的语言结构,引起人们的共鸣,帮助实现其交际意图。对奥巴马政治演讲的研究,一方面可以使公众演讲学习者在演讲内容的选择,自身形象的塑造和观众互动等多方面得到启示,提高其公众演讲技巧。其次,通过对演讲内容本身和观众对演讲的反馈进行分析,可以帮助语言使用者在言语交际中,选择合适的语用策略与他人进行交流,从而达到其交际意图,这对后来的研究者有很大的启示。
[Abstract]:Political speech is an important form of public speech, usually used to show the position and propaganda of the country's internal affairs and diplomacy. As a typical representative, presidential speech plays a very important role in political life. Barack Obama is the first African American president in the history of the United States, looking at his political career, from him At the beginning of the world political stage, with his eloquent speech ability, a wave of learning English has been set off. Until now, his speech is still a model for many public speaking enthusiasts. At the same time, many scholars at home and abroad have made different directions on their speeches. For example, from stylistic rhetoric, discourse criticism, interpersonal meaning, and so on. However, these studies are limited to a single, static description, not comprehensive and systematic. Political speech, as a monologue, is a process of dynamic choice of language, like other verbal communication activities. The speaker needs to take full consideration of the context related factors in conforming to social background and society. On the premise of the occasion, we should pay attention to his own speech and manner and shape a good public image. In the choice of language, the content of the speech should conform to the psychology of the people, cause the audience to resonate, and finally realize the communicative intention. Therefore, this article tries to carry out his speech on the basis of Weisl Len's adaptation theory and from the perspective of contextual related factors. In order to explore how Obama moved and persuaded the audience by complying with the communicative context and linguistic context, it obtained the resonance and support of the masses. Weisl Len's adaptation theory was put forward and further interpreted in his new interpretation of pragmatics. He believed that the characteristics of language variability, negotiability and compliance made people in the language. At the same time, in the process of using the language, in order to achieve the purpose of communication, language users need to make adaptation to the contextual factors and choose the structure of language in the process of language selection. Therefore, the analysis of contextual factors is of vital importance. In the process of language use, in the process of language use, the physical world, the social world and the psychological world are called the communicative context. In addition, it is called the linguistic context in which the language communication is chosen according to the context. This article is based on the theory of adaptation, from the communicative context and the language language. Two aspects of the analysis of Obama's speech, try to answer the following four questions: 1. what aspects of Obama's political speech complied with the mirror factors? 2. how does Obama's speech conform to people's physical world, the social world and the psychological world? What is the way 3. Obama adopted to conform to the language context? 4. for the language context What is the effect of the adaptation of context related factors in Obama's speech? The full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter outlines the background, significance and purpose of the research; the second chapter is a summary of the literature of the thesis, and the related studies of Obama's political speech and context are briefly introduced from two aspects of the domestic and foreign countries. The third chapter introduces the theoretical framework of this subject - adaptation theory, and introduces the main research problems and research methods; the fourth chapter is the key part of this article, and analyzes Obama's political speech from all aspects of contextual factors. In the context of communicative language, Obama takes into consideration the social background of the time. And social occasions, choose the right language and expression to conform to the listener's physical world, the social world and the psychological world. In the language context, Obama uses a variety of cohesive and intertextual ways to achieve a resonance with the audience. The fifth chapter is the general conclusion of the study, pointing out the current problems and the follow-up research. This article holds that the reason why Obama's speech can be deeply moved is because he takes into account the heart of the audience in the communicative context; in the linguistic context, the appropriate language structure is used to arouse people's resonance and help to realize their communicative intentions. On the one hand, the study of Obama's political speech can make public the public. The public speaking learners are enlightened by the selection of the speech content, the shaping of their own images and the interaction of the audience. Secondly, through the analysis of the speech content itself and the audience's feedback to the speech, it can help the language users to choose appropriate pragmatic strategies to communicate with others in the intercourse of speech. So as to achieve its communicative intention, this has great implications for later researchers.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

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