原型范畴理论视角下英语进行体的认知研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 19:35

本文选题：原型范畴理论 + 英语进行体　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：英语进行体是语言学家一直关注的焦点,很多学者采用了不同的理论从不同的角度对其进行了论述,包括对英语进行体语义的阐释,语用的实践和认知的探究,但是这些研究往往局限于描述性研究,缺乏对英语进行体各种用法内部之间的关系和潜在的认知机制进行详细地阐释。因此本研究致力于厘清英语进行体各用法之间的联系及解释其背后的认知机制。本研究以原型范畴理论为基础,采用定性研究的方法,对英语进行体的各种用法进行了分类,并画出了原型等级示意图,接着采用隐喻和转喻探讨了各种用法的认知机制。本研究试图探讨以下两个问题:1)英语进行体如何从典型用法到非典型用法构成一个连续统?2)推动英语进行体从原型用法到非原型用法的认知机制是什么?本研究发现:(1)英语进行体最本质的语义特征是动态的过程性,并且其所有的用法都包含了动态过程性的意义。英语进行体的过程性分为三个方面:1)动作过程性,英语进行体最典型的用法是表示某个时间点正在进行的动作,根据动作过程性的逐渐减弱,其原型意义也逐渐减弱,等级示意图可表示为某个时间点正在进行的动作某一段时间正在进行的间续动作重复性动作动作间的逐渐变化;2)情感过程性,英语进行体可以表情感,根据情感过程性的逐渐减弱,其等级示意图可表示为与频率副词连用加强情感与比较结构或时段状语连用展示情感的逐渐变化表希望/暂时性/非正式性/激动之情;3)动作状态的改变,进行体除了表示现在正在进行的动作,还可以表示过去和将来时间,表示将来有三种表达方式,其等级示意图为be going tobe+doingwill/shall be doing,并且英语进行体的动作过程性和动作状态的改变存在重叠和转换的关系。(2)隐喻和转喻是英语进行体语义扩展的潜在认知机制,英语进行体语义扩展有三种方式:1)从空间域到空间域,从空间域到空间域展示的动作过程性的改变,动作过程性的所有用法都是属于空间域,其转变的方式是转喻,表示的是同一空间域中的投射;2)从空间域到时间域,从空间域到时间域展示的是动作状态的改变,进行体从表示正在进行的动作到表示过去时间和将来时间,其实现的方式是通过“时间是空间”的隐喻;3)从空间域到心理域,从空间域到心理域展示的是情感过程性的变化,进行体从表示正在进行的动作到表示情感,其实现的方式是通过“心理是空间”的隐喻。进行体表示从空间域到时间域和心理域是通过隐喻在不同认知域间的投射实现的。本研究在一定程度上拓宽了原型范畴理论,隐喻和转喻的研究,分析了英语进行体各种用法之间的关系,并解释了其语义扩展的认知机制,为人们进一步理解英语进行体提供了一定的帮助。
[Abstract]:English progressive aspect has always been the focus of linguists. Many scholars have adopted different theories to discuss it from different angles, including the interpretation of English progressive aspect semantics, pragmatic practice and cognitive exploration. However, these studies are often limited to descriptive studies and lack of detailed explanation of the relationships and underlying cognitive mechanisms within the various uses of English progressive. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the relationship between English progressive use and explain the cognitive mechanism behind it. On the basis of prototype category theory, this study classifies various usage of English progressive aspect by qualitative research, and draws a schematic diagram of prototype level, and then explores the cognitive mechanism of various usage by using metaphor and metonymy. This study attempts to explore the following two questions: 1) how does the English progressive form a continuum from the typical to the atypical) and what is the cognitive mechanism that drives the English progressive from the prototype to the non-prototype? The present study finds that the most essential semantic feature of the English progressive is the dynamic process, and all its uses contain the meaning of the dynamic process. The process of English progressive aspect is divided into three aspects: 1) the process of action. The most typical use of English progressive aspect is to indicate the action under way at a certain point in time. According to the gradual weakening of the process of action, the prototype meaning of English progressive aspect is gradually weakened. Hierarchical schematics can be expressed as a gradual change between repetitive actions at a certain point in time, an ongoing action over a period of time. (2) emotional processes, in which the English progressive body can express itself, According to the gradual weakening of emotional process, The level diagram can be expressed as a combination of frequency adverbs to strengthen emotion and comparative structure or adverbial of time period to show the gradual change of emotion to express the change of action state of hope / temporary / informality / agitation. The progressive body, in addition to expressing the actions currently under way, can also represent the past and future time, indicating that there will be three expressions in the future. The hierarchical diagram is be going tobe doingwill/shall be doing.And there is an overlap and transformation relationship between the process of action and the change of action state in English progressive aspect. (2) metaphor and metonymy are the potential cognitive mechanisms for the semantic expansion of English progressive aspect. There are three ways to expand the semantic meaning of English: 1) from spatial domain to spatial domain, all usage of action process belongs to spatial domain, and its transformation is metonymy. Represents the projection from the same spatial domain to the time domain, from the spatial domain to the time domain, from the spatial domain to the time domain to show the change of the action state, and the progressive body from representing the ongoing action to representing the past time and future time, Through the metaphor of "time is space", the way to realize it is from space domain to mental domain, from space domain to mental domain to show the change of emotional process, from expression of ongoing action to expression of emotion. The way of its realization is through the metaphor of "mind is space". The representation of progressive aspect from spatial domain to time domain and mental domain is realized by the projection of metaphor between different cognitive domains. To a certain extent, this study broadens the theory of prototype category, the study of metaphor and metonymy, analyzes the relationship between various usages of English progressive, and explains the cognitive mechanism of its semantic expansion. It provides some help for people to further understand the English progressive.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H314.3

【参考文献】