就职演讲中认知动词“Believe”和“Think”的交际功能研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 16:34

本文选题：承诺 + 交际功能　；参考：《兰州理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在政治生活中,政治代言人发表演讲早已司空见惯,作为政治演讲一种不可或缺的体裁,就职演讲在政治生活中发挥着极其重要的作用。当今社会,各国政治生活以民主与自由为主题,各国民众的政治意识不断增强。时下的政治家们在很大程度上依靠语言说服民众接受政治见解和新型改革措施。然而,要求听众接受代言人的新观点,接纳新政策、形成新态度乃至执行新决策绝非易事。代言人发表的就职演讲要符合时代潮流、国家利益,也应具有高度的合理性、科学性,以便激发潜藏在民众心底的爱国主义、价值认同感、集体主义等。代言人发表就职演讲的主要目的在于让听众理解、接受乃至践行其政治见解。通常情况下,为了顺利实现交际目的,政治代言人往往会选择较为含蓄的方式表达“承诺”,在英美国家领导人就职演讲中,实现承诺表达的重要媒介为认知动词。本文试图研究以下两个问题:1)在认知动词或人称代词不一致的情况下,“believe”或“think”承诺高低值有何差别?2)在三种承诺类型中,“believe”和“think”交际功能是什么?研究结果表明,就职演讲中的认知动词believe和think在承诺高低值上有着显著的区别,二者又可以通过三种承诺类型“认知承诺”、“社会承诺”、“情感承诺”和其它辅助手段(助动词、情态动词、副词等)发挥交际功能,实现言者交际目标。而三种承诺类型的交际功能又可以具体化,例如认知承诺可以从评价功能和信息功能角度进行分析。尽管认知动词believe和think在整个文本中所占比重很低,然而其在语篇分析和话语交流中发挥的重要作用毋庸置疑,在很大程度上顺应了政治代言人的话语目的和交际需求,实现了直接言语行为和简介言语行为的积极转变。其次,在就职演讲中,认知动词的使用具有一定倾向性,总体而言,代言人倾向于使用语义强度较高的believe。本文通过对英美国家领导人就职演讲中认知动词的研究,旨在为英语教学者和学习者提供一定的启示:在对认知动词的教与学过程中,只从语义上区分认知动词具有一定局限性,原因在于有些认知动词的语义差别并不是绝对的,更应该从交际功能的层面了解每个认知动词的含义以及在不同语篇、不同语场下的功能,这样对认知动词的认识和习得才具有全面性、科学性.
[Abstract]:As an indispensable genre of political speech, Inaugural speech plays an extremely important role in political life. In today's society, democracy and freedom are the theme of political life in various countries. Politicians nowadays rely heavily on language to persuade people to accept political opinions and new reforms. However, it is not easy to ask the audience to accept the spokesman's new ideas, accept new policies, form new attitudes and even implement new decisions. The inaugural speech delivered by the spokesman should be in line with the trend of the times, national interests, and should also have a high degree of rationality and science, so as to stimulate the patriotism, value identity, collectivism and so on hidden in the hearts of the people. The main purpose of the speaker's inaugural speech is to make the audience understand, accept and even practice their political opinions. Usually, in order to achieve the purpose of communication smoothly, political spokesmen often choose a more implicit way to express "commitment". In the inaugural speech of leaders of British and American countries, the important medium to realize the expression of commitment is cognitive verb. This paper attempts to study the following two questions: 1) what is the difference between "believe" and "think" commitment in the case of cognitive verbs or personal pronouns being inconsistent? (2) what are the communicative functions of "believe" and "think" among the three types of commitment? The results show that the cognitive verb believe and think have significant differences in the level of commitment, and they can be divided into three types of commitment: "cognitive commitment" and "social commitment". Affective commitment and other auxiliary measures (auxiliary verbs, modal verbs, adverbs, etc.) play a communicative role to achieve the speaker's communicative goals. The communicative functions of the three types of commitment can be concretized, for example, cognitive commitment can be analyzed from the perspective of evaluation and information function. Although the proportion of cognitive verbs believe and think in the whole text is very low, the important role they play in discourse analysis and discourse communication is beyond doubt, and to a great extent conforms to the discourse purpose and communication needs of political spokesmen. It realizes the positive transformation of direct speech act and brief speech act. Secondly, in the inaugural speech, the use of cognitive verbs has a certain tendency. In general, spokesmen tend to use believewith high semantic intensity. Through the study of cognitive verbs in English and American leaders' inaugural speeches, this paper aims to provide some enlightenment to English teachers and learners in the process of teaching and learning cognitive verbs. There are some limitations in distinguishing cognitive verbs only from the semantic aspects, because the semantic differences of some cognitive verbs are not absolute, and the meaning of each cognitive verb should be understood from the level of communicative function and in different discourse. Only when the functions of different language fields are used, can the cognition and acquisition of cognitive verbs be comprehensive and scientific.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H314.2

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