英语学术著作的作者序言研究—修辞视角

发布时间：2018-06-08 16:10

本文选题：序言 + 学术著作　；参考：《南昌大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：序言,作为学术著作的重要组成部分之一,不仅是结构上的需要,更是推销书籍的平台。这种推销本质上是一种劝说行为,意在说服读者购买书籍。然而,限于“作者”身份和学术语域的限制,作者不宜在序言中过分赞美书籍,否则既显得自负,又有违学术语篇客观、正式的特点。因此,作者序言需要更多修辞策略以达到劝说目的。目前,不少学者已经注意到序言的劝说性,但真正针对序言劝说功能进行的深入研究并不多见。另一方面,古典修辞学的代表人物亚里士多德提出修辞诉诸理论,从理性、人品、情感诉诸三个方面考察劝说行为,对劝说性语篇具有强大解释力。基于以上,本文从修辞视角,以修辞诉诸理论为基础,从理性、人品、情感三个维度考察作者序言的劝说策略。本文的语料来源为三十篇2011至2015年的英语学术著作序言,著作均出自Springer或Palgrave Macmillan出版社,涉及人文科学、社会科学和自然科学领域,以语言学、经济学、天文学为代表,每个学科各十篇。本文采取定性和定量研究相结合的方法,以定性方法为主,针对一些语言形式的考察,用定量方法辅助。研究结果如下:第一,为成功劝说读者,著作作者在理性、人品、情感诉诸三方面都运用了丰富的语言策略。第二,理性诉诸方面,有六大常见策略,即陈述意义、呈现观点、解释概念、运用数据和例子、标明逻辑关系以及提出疑问。其中,呈现观点、标明逻辑关系、提出疑问为广谱性策略,而在陈述意义、解释概念、运用数据和例子中存在学科差异。第三,人品诉诸方面,存在六种策略,分别是描述研究过程、介绍经历、提供证明和支持、服务读者、凸显作者和选择情态。三种学科在提供证明和支持、服务读者、选择情态方面存在一定不同。第四,情感诉诸方面,作者主要运用五种策略达到劝说目的,包括表达感谢、插入评价、运用增强语和减弱语、使用隐喻创造熟悉感、使用感叹句表达难以置信。其中,学科差异存在于插入评价、使用隐喻两方面。第五,序言的学科差异主要表现在作者使用策略时有不同的倾向:语言学序言倾向联系生活、少用数据、借助引用;经济学序言倾向使用情态词would和插入较多评价;天文学序言倾向诉诸大事件引出意义、迎合读者、多概念解释、多数据、多隐喻、少引用。同时,差异的产生主要因为学科特征不同。本文基于修辞诉诸理论,考察了作者如何通过理性、人品和情感诉诸实现劝说读者的目的。其研究意义在于:第一,本研究证实了修辞诉诸理论对分析劝说性语篇的有效性;第二,扩展了序言研究的范围;第三,为序言撰写提供思路,帮助增强序言的说服力。
[Abstract]:Preface, as an important part of academic works, is not only a structural need, but also a platform for promoting books. This marketing is essentially a persuasive act aimed at persuading readers to buy books. However, due to the limitation of "author" identity and academic register, the author should not praise the books too much in the preface, otherwise he is conceited and contrary to the objective and formal characteristics of academic discourse. Therefore, the preface of the author needs more rhetorical strategies to achieve the purpose of persuasion. At present, many scholars have paid attention to the persuasiveness of preface, but the deep research on the function of preface persuasion is rare. On the other hand, Aristotle, the representative of classical rhetoric, puts forward the theory of rhetorical appeal, which examines persuasion from three aspects: rationality, personality and emotional appeal, which has a strong explanatory power on persuasive discourse. Based on the rhetoric theory, this paper examines the persuasion strategy of the author from the three dimensions of rationality, personality and emotion. The source of this paper is a preface to 30 English academic works from 2011 to 2015, written by Springer or Palgrave Macmillan, covering the fields of the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences, represented by linguistics, economics, and astronomy. There are ten articles in each subject. This paper adopts the method of combining qualitative and quantitative research, which is mainly qualitative method, which is assisted by quantitative method for the investigation of some language forms. The results are as follows: first, in order to successfully persuade the readers, the authors have applied rich language strategies in three aspects: rationality, personality and emotional appeal. Second, there are six common strategies for rational appeal, namely, stating meaning, presenting opinions, explaining concepts, using data and examples, indicating logical relationships and asking questions. Among them, presenting the viewpoint, indicating the logical relation, putting forward the question is a broad-spectrum strategy, and there are some disciplinary differences in stating the meaning, explaining the concept, using the data and examples. Thirdly, there are six strategies for personality appeal, which are describing the research process, introducing the experience, providing proof and support, serving the reader, highlighting the author and choosing modality. The three disciplines are different in providing proof and support, serving readers and choosing modality. Fourthly, in the aspect of emotional appeal, the author mainly uses five strategies to achieve the purpose of persuasion, including expressing gratitude, inserting evaluation, using enhancement and weakening language, using metaphor to create familiarity, and using exclamatory sentences to express disbelief. Among them, the discipline difference lies in the insertion evaluation and the use of metaphor. Fifth, the disciplinary differences in preface are mainly manifested in the different tendencies of the author in using strategies: the preface of linguistics tends to relate to life, to use less data, to use citation, and the preface of economics tends to use the modal word would and insert more evaluation; The preface of astronomy tends to appeal to great events to elicit meaning, to appeal to readers, to interpret more concepts, to have more data, to use more metaphors, and to cite less. At the same time, the difference is mainly due to the different characteristics of the subject. Based on the theory of rhetorical appeal, this paper examines how the author achieves the purpose of persuading readers through reason, personality and emotional appeal. The significance of the study is as follows: first, this study verifies the validity of rhetorical appeal theory in analyzing persuasive discourse; second, it expands the scope of preface research; third, it provides ideas for preface writing and helps to strengthen the persuasiveness of preface.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H315

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