英汉调核位置及信息焦点对比研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 01:18

本文选题：对比研究 + 英汉调核位置　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为语调中的重要组成部分,调核不仅可以标志信息焦点的位置,使人们知道核心信息,而且能够影响表达中的语法和句式结构,并表明我们对其他人的态度和周围事件的反应。正确的调核位置可以使人们有效地交流,从而建立和谐的人际关系。然而,由于英语是“重音计时”语言,汉语是“音节计时”语言,而且汉语中的轻音不同于英语中的轻读,所以外语学习者在语言表达和理解上有不少困难。为了让人们更好的理解调核位置,本论文基于3-T理论和对比研究理论,从功能和规则的角度对英汉调核位置进行对比研究,从而试图发现两者之间是否有异同点。本论文主要通过查阅有关调核位置的文献资料和参考中国知网的论文得以完成,其中并引用了《新概念英语1》和《新编普通话教程》中典型的例子。两本书中都含有大量带有音频的例句,比如一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,祈使句和感叹句等等,所以笔者认为这些句子是研究英汉调核位置很好的材料来源。近年来,许多学者纷纷对英汉重音,句法结构和修辞特征等进行对比研究,甚至还做了大量实证研究,所以本文对英汉调核位置的对比研究也借鉴了前人的研究成果。通过分析,本篇论文得到如下结果:1.就功能和规则而言,英汉在调核位置方面的确有共同之处和不同之处。2.在两种语言中,调核位置都起着语义、态度和语法作用,但在这些功能的表现上,两种语言也是有所不同的。3.调核位置可以分为有标记调核位置和无标记调核位置,同样,信息焦点可以分为无标记焦点、有标记焦点和对比焦点。一般无标记调核会落在句末的最后一个重读实义词上,英汉的主要区别在于复合词,英语有“单一重读”复合词和“双重”复合词,前者的调核主要落在第一个成分的重读音节,而后者落在第二个成分的重读音节上,由于在汉语中,从听感上判断,两音节韵律词不能看出明显的“前重”或“后重”倾向,而且关于两音节复合词的词重音规则,汉语界暂时也没有统一的意见,所以在此处作者主要讨论的是三音节复合词,它的调核一般落在最后一个重读实义词上。新旧信息、强调和习惯表达会影响有标记调核的位置,然而,英汉两种语言在三种因素的表现方面也有所不同。对比是影响两种语言调核位置的共同因素,其中,英语常用降升调来表达对比。总而言之,无论调核位置是无标记的还是有标记的,它都标记着信息焦点,所以语言学习者应该学习调核位置的规则以及正确表达信息焦点的方式,从而可以进行自我评估和自我纠正,提高语言能力水平。
[Abstract]:As an important part of intonation, tone check can not only mark the position of information focus, make people know the core information, but also influence the grammar and sentence structure in expression. And show how we react to other people's attitudes and events around us. The correct adjustment of position can enable people to communicate effectively and build harmonious interpersonal relationships. However, since English is a "stress timing" language, Chinese is a "syllable timing" language, and the light sound in Chinese is different from light reading in English, foreign language learners have many difficulties in language expression and understanding. In order to make people better understand the position of nucleus modulation, this paper, based on 3-T theory and contrastive study theory, makes a contrastive study on the position of nucleus modulation in English and Chinese from the perspective of function and rule, so as to find out whether there are similarities and differences between the two. This thesis is mainly accomplished by consulting the literature about checking the location and referring to the paper of China.com. some typical examples in "New concept English 1" and "New Putonghua course" are cited. Both books contain a large number of examples with audio, such as general questions, special questions, imperative sentences, exclamatory sentences and so on. In recent years, many scholars have carried out contrastive studies on stress, syntactic structure and rhetorical features of English and Chinese, and even made a lot of empirical studies. Through analysis, this paper obtains the following result: 1. As far as functions and rules are concerned, English and Chinese do have some similarities and differences in checking positions. In both languages, kernel positions play a semantic, attitudinal and grammatical role, but the two languages are also different in the performance of these functions. The nucleation location can be divided into marked and unmarked nucleation positions. Similarly, the information focus can be divided into unmarked focus, marked focus and contrast focus. The main difference between English and Chinese lies in the compound words. There are "single stress" compound words and "double" compound words in English. The former mainly falls on the stress syllable of the first component, while the latter falls on the stress syllable of the second component. Because in Chinese, judging from the sense of hearing, the two-syllable prosodic words can not see the obvious tendency of "pre-stress" or "post-stress". Moreover, there is no unified opinion on the stress rules of two-syllable compound words, so here the author mainly discusses the three-syllable compound word, whose core is usually on the last stressed word. New and old information, emphasis and habit expression will affect the location of marked nucleus, however, the performance of the three factors is different between English and Chinese. Contrast is the common factor affecting the location of the two languages. In a word, whether the check position is unmarked or marked, it is marked with the focus of information, so language learners should learn the rules of checking the location and how to correctly express the focus of information. Therefore, self-assessment and self-correction can be carried out to improve language proficiency.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3;H314.3

【参考文献】