从语境理论视角分析《儿子与情人》中的人物会话

发布时间：2018-06-15 16:46

本文选题：会话 + 语言性语境　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“语境”是系统功能语言学中的重要概念。随着语言学和文学两个学科的发展,许多学者开始意识到语言的使用和理解都离不开语境。因此,语境理论逐渐成为最热门的跨学科理论,并且越来越多地被应用于文字作品的分析和研究中。“语境”这一术语最早是由波兰籍人类语言学家马林诺夫斯基于1923年提出来的,后经弗思,韩礼德,海姆斯和莱昂斯等语言学家的研究进一步发展完善,成为日臻成熟的理论。语境可分为语言性语境和非语言性语境两大类,而非语言性语境又可细分为情景语境和文化语境。语境理论可以对文学作品中人物语言的使用进行细致、准确、客观的分析和评价,有利于更好地赏析文学佳作。戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯是二十世纪西方文学史上最杰出的英国作家之一,同时也是最具争议的作家。《儿子与情人》是劳伦斯的经典之作,奠定了其在文学史的重要地位。作者运用大量的人物对话和极其精妙的语言安排,通过莫奈尔一家存在的阶级差异揭示了整个社会存在的阶级斗争,被认为是当时社会的真实缩影。人物对话可以起到展现人物的心理,揭示人物身份、关系,从而达到抒发情感、传递思想的作用,因此,正确理解文学作品中人物之间的会话是至关重要的。本文创新性地以语境作为理论基础,对小说中的人物会话进行分析,即从语言性语境、情景语境和文化语境的角度着手,准确理解人物会话的含义。本论文针对两个研究问题展开。一是语言性语境对人物会话的分析有什么作用;二是非语言性语境中的情景语境和文化语境对人物会话的解读有什么影响。本文的语料来源于劳伦斯《儿子与情人》中的人物会话,以语境理论作为理论框架,从语言性语境和非语言性语境两个维度进行定性分析:语言性语境的分析主要集中在词、短语和句子三个层面;非语言性语境则集中于情景语境和文化语境两个层面,其中各自还包含不同的变量会对人物会话产生不同的影响。本文由导论,正文和结论三部分组成,其主要内容如下:第一部分是导论。简要介绍语境理论的创立、发展和研究情况。语言的使用和理解离不开语境,因此,经过历代语言学家的研究和发展,语境理论不仅仅局限于语言学领域,而是越来越多地被应用于文学作品的分析研究中。同时,本部分还简要介绍了劳伦斯的代表作《儿子与情人》的国内外研究现状,并阐述了本文拟从语境理论视角分析《儿子与情人》中人物会话的创新之处和现实意义。第二部分是正文,共分为三章。第一章是文献述评。本部分详细阐述了语境理论的概念、发展历程及其分类。语境的概念最早由人类语言学家马林诺夫斯基提出,后经弗思和韩礼德等语言学家的完善和发展最终形成,是系统功能语言学的重要概念之一。语境主要分为语言性语境、情景语境和文化语境三类。很多的语言学和文学研究都离不开对语境的分析,这便是本文的理论框架。此外,本章还介绍了语境理论的国内外研究现状。第二章是从语言性语境角度分析《儿子与情人》中的人物会话。语言性语境指的是交际过程中某一话语结构表达某种特定意义时所依赖的各种表现,即一些语言性因素。本章从词汇、短语、句子三个层面对人物会话进行准确地理解及其语境效果分析,这样的分析可以使读者更好地把握小说故事情节发展的脉络,发掘作者遣词造句的用心之处。第三章是从非语言性语境角度分析《儿子与情人》中的人物会话。非语言性语境指的是交流过程中,某一话语结构表达某种特定意义时所依赖的各种非语言性因素。首先,情景语境从客观因素和主观因素两个角度进行阐述,客观因素包括人物会话发生的时间、地点、场合、话题,这些是会话展开的前提条件;主观因素包括人物年龄、性格、情感、交际意图、人物身份、人物关系等,这些决定着不同人物进行会话时采用词汇、句子和语气的不同。其次,文化语境主要有地理、历史文化、社会规范、宗教、价值观等因素。劳伦斯善于把握不同人物内心世界的特点,并通过其不同的语言使用达到特定的语境效果,推动故事情节的发展。第三部分为结论,对前面的分析做出归纳和总结,并点明本文主旨。本文创新性地从语境理论视角分析劳伦斯《儿子与情人》中的人物会话具有一定的现实意义。此外,指出通过语境准确理解人物会话,读者能更好地鉴赏文学作品的艺术魅力,并有助于将语言学理论更好地应用于文学教学与研究,增强外语学习者的语言实践应用能力。最后还指出本文在研究过程中存在的不足。
[Abstract]:"Context" is an important concept in systemic functional linguistics. With the development of two disciplines in Linguistics and literature, many scholars have begun to realize that the use and understanding of language can not be separated from the context. Therefore, context theory has gradually become the most popular interdisciplinary theory, and is more and more applied to the analysis and research of literary works. The term "context" was first proposed by the Poland human linguist, Ma Lingus, based on 1923. After the further development of the research of linguists, such as fern, Hallidy, Heim and Lyons, it became a mature theory. The context can be divided into two categories, the linguistic context and the non linguistic context, but not the language. Context can also be subdivided into situational context and cultural context. The theory of context can make a careful, accurate, objective analysis and evaluation of the use of characters in literary works, which is beneficial to the better appreciation of literary works. David Herbert Lawrence is one of the most outstanding British writers in the history of Western Literature in the twentieth Century, and is also the most important. The controversial writer, the son and the lover, is the classic of Laurence, which lays his important position in the history of literature. By using a large number of dialogues and extremely subtle language arrangements, the author reveals the class struggle of the whole society through the class differences in Mornell's family, which is considered to be the real epitome of the society at that time. Words can show the psychology of the characters, reveal the identity and relationship of the characters, thus achieve the expression of emotions and transfer ideas. Therefore, it is essential to correctly understand the conversation between characters in literary works. In the context of context and cultural context, the meaning of a person's conversation is understood accurately. This thesis is aimed at two research questions. First, what is the effect of linguistic context on the analysis of people's conversation; two is the influence of context and cultural context in the non linguistic context on the interpretation of people's conversation. The corpus of this article comes from Lauren. The conversation between the sons and the lovers in the son and the lover takes the context theory as the theoretical framework, and carries out the qualitative analysis from the two dimensions of linguistic and non linguistic contexts: the analysis of linguistic context mainly focuses on the three levels of words, phrases and sentences, and the non linguistic context is concentrated on the two levels of situational context and cultural context. It consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The main content of this article is as follows: the first part is introduction. The first part is introduction. It briefly introduces the creation, development and research of context theory. The use and understanding of language can not be separated from the context, therefore, through the research and development of the linguists of the past dynasties, The theory of context is not only limited to the field of linguistics, but more and more applied to the analysis and study of literary works. At the same time, this part also briefly introduces the current research status of Laurence's representative work, "son and lover >", and expounds the innovation of this article from the perspective of context theory to analyze the conversation between the sons and the lovers. The second part is the text, which is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is the review of the literature. The concept of context theory, the course of development and its classification are elaborated in this part. The concept of context is first proposed by Malinowski, the linguist of the human linguist, and finally formed by the perfection and development of the linguists and other linguists. One of the important concepts of functional linguistics. Context is divided into three categories: linguistic context, situational context and cultural context. Many linguistic and literary studies are inseparable from the analysis of context. This is the theoretical framework of this article. In addition, this chapter also introduces the research status of context theory at home and abroad. The second chapter is from the perspective of linguistic context. The linguistic context refers to the various manifestations of the expression of a certain meaning in a certain discourse structure in the process of communication, that is, some linguistic factors. This chapter makes an accurate understanding of the conversation and the analysis of its contextual effects from the three layers of words, phrases and sentences, which can be analyzed. The third chapter analyses the conversation between the son and the lover in the non linguistic context. The non linguistic context refers to the nonverbal nature of a particular meaning of a certain discourse structure in the process of communication. First, the situational context is expounded from two angles of objective and subjective factors. The objective factors include the time, place, occasion, and topic of conversation, which are the prerequisites for the expansion of the conversation; the subjective factors include the age, character, emotion, intercross intention, character, and relationship, which determine the different characters. Second, the cultural context mainly includes geography, history, culture, social norms, religion, values and other factors. Laurence is good at grasping the characteristics of the inner world of different characters, and using different languages to achieve specific contextual effects and promote the development of the plot. The third part is the development of the story. The conclusion is to sum up and summarize the previous analysis and point out the main purpose of this article. This paper has a certain practical significance to analyze the conversation of Laurence's son and lover from the perspective of context theory. Furthermore, it points out that the readers can appreciate the artistic charm of literary works better and help the readers to appreciate the artistic charm of the literary works through the context of the context. It is better to apply linguistic theory to the teaching and research of literature and to enhance the ability of language learners to apply language practice. Finally, the shortcomings of this paper are pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

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