希腊神话中的概念隐喻研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 06:06

本文选题：概念隐喻 + 创新隐喻　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：希腊神话是希腊艺术的土壤,是欧洲文学的源泉。希腊神话是艺术的创造,具有社会历史价值和审美价值。古希腊神话和传说产生于荷马时代或英雄时代,这个时代是从十一世纪到八世纪。希腊神话包括两个部分:众神的故事和英雄的传说。在学术界,许多专家认为荷马在创作两部史诗《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》的过程中,广泛采用了各种神话和史诗。此外,荷马的《荷马颂歌》中汇集了许多关于神的神话。古希腊诗人Hesiod写的《神谱》描述了众神的故事和诸神的谱系。这些都为人们理解希腊神话的起源、神的起源以及他们之间的关系提供了有用的资源。希腊神话作为一个整体具有系统化、文学化、人性化、开放性和提供原发性的思想资源的特点。在国外,对希腊神话的研究一直是西方学者研究的热点。在国内希腊神话研究领域,许多大学教师将希腊神话与英语教学结合起来,研究其在英语语言、文化和文学中的应用。近年来,国内学者开始运用一些新的文学理论来研究受新的西方理论影响的希腊神话。希腊神话经过几十年的发展,在国内外希腊神话研究成果上日趋成熟。随着中国和西方国家之间的合作和交流的深入,今后希腊神话的研究将更加多元化,例如,本文将从隐喻的角度分析希腊神话。英语单词“metaphor”这个词来自于希腊语“metapherein”,”Metapherein”是由“meta”和“pherein”相结合而成。“meta”的意思是“从一边到另一边”而“pherein”的意思是“传送”,所以隐喻的本义是用一个事物的某些特征认识另一事物的语言表达过程。传统的隐喻是一种修辞,可以达到修辞效果,通过提及另一事物来表达一种事物。它可以识别两种观点之间隐藏的相似之处。隐喻可以帮助人们更生动、更直白的理解事物并且表达内心的想法。概念隐喻是在隐喻的基础上发展的更为完善的一种认知方式。当前学术界对概念隐喻的研究非常丰富,对其研究主要集中在概念隐喻的理论本身,概念隐喻与文化的关系,以及概念隐喻在其他学科中的应用,包括经济、政治、法律、文学、神话等。根据《当代隐喻理论:汉语视角》一书,在漫长的发展历程中,西方传统的隐喻观逐渐形成了比较观、替代观、互动观三大流派。从Richard的理论开始,对隐喻的研究已逐步发展到认知领域。Lakoff是从认知的角度对隐喻开始研究的标志性人物。他认为语言充满隐喻和隐喻表达。他选取了丰富的英语语料库进行研究,最终发现许多英语表达都来源于基本隐喻。由此,概念隐喻应运而生。在隐喻研究领域,越来越多的研究者对隐喻的内涵进行了深入的研究。研究发现隐喻在语言和认知中的运用与人类的认知思维密切相关。概念隐喻是人类用一个领域的经验来理解或解释另一个领域经验的认知机制。人们经常使用特定的,熟悉的,简单的和有形的概念来理解和体验抽象的,不熟悉的,复杂的和无形的概念。1980年johnson和lakoff写的《我们赖以生存的隐喻》开创了隐喻研究的新道路,概念隐喻已经正式被纳入认知科学的新领域。概念隐喻理论是认知语言学的重要组成部分,它为认知语言学的发展奠定了坚实的基础,隐喻的认知风格,尤其是隐喻的叙事视角,可以用来解释隐喻的本质。因此,隐喻是一种认知互动过程。根据不同的分类标准,隐喻可以分为不同的类型。根据语义和语用差异,隐喻可分为“常规隐喻”和“非常规隐喻”。概念隐喻理论的主要研究对象是常规隐喻。除了常规隐喻,隐喻一直在发展和创新。根据隐喻源域的不同来源,同样的概念隐喻可以是动物隐喻、植物隐喻、人物名称隐喻、技术隐喻、女性隐喻、地名隐喻等。概念隐喻的主要特征包括系统性、普遍性和创新性。隐喻是人类的一种基本认知方式,它决定着语言的表达方式。本研究的研究目的是培养英语学习者的隐喻能力,帮助英语学习者养成英语的思维方式,从根本上提高学习者的语言能力。通过对反映西方文化的希腊神话的研究,可以更好地理解、阐释和创造隐喻。本文试图从有关希腊神话的不同材料中搜集大量的概念隐喻。并以概念隐喻中的创新概念隐喻理论为基础,研究希腊神话。神话其实就是一种隐喻思维,神话将无法解释的现象加以幻想来达到对世界的认识,体现了当时人们的一种思维。神话有很多,其中希腊神话一直是英语学习者研究的热点,希腊神话在反映历史的同时也反映着古希腊人文化文明的发展。希腊神话很好地展示了希腊人的文艺思想与一系列和美学思想有关的朴素观念,希腊神话在源头上影响着西方尤其是欧美语言文化。马克思指出:“希腊的神话和史诗是人类童年时代发展得最完美的产物,具有永久的魅力。”在希腊神话中运用了多种类型的概念隐喻。在收集资料的过程中,作者发现希腊神话的研究主要集中在从希腊神话中的人性意识、中希神话的比较以及希腊神话对英语语言和文学的影响等视角对希腊神话的内涵进行解读。从概念隐喻的视角分析希腊神话极为少见。研究步骤:首先,作者读了三次希腊神话的所有内容,最终选定有用的数据,以便更好地理解希腊神话故事。其次,作者以lakoff和johnson的概念隐喻理论为依据,找在希腊神话中的概念隐喻。最后,作者对这些概念隐喻进行了分类,并对每一种概念隐喻以及导致这些概念隐喻应用的因素进行了详细的分析。研究方法包括定量分析与定性分析。针对希腊神话中的概念隐喻主要讨论了以下三个问题:(1)希腊神话与隐喻之间的关系是什么?(2)在希腊神话中体现哪些概念隐喻类型?(3)导致应用这些概念隐喻的因素有什么?本文通过对希腊神话中部分内容的语料进行分析,主要从希腊神话的结构与内容两个大层面归纳希腊神话故事中的概念隐喻使用现象,发现:(1)神话其实就是一种隐喻思维,神话将无法解释的现象加以幻想来达到对世界的认识,体现了当时人们的一种思维。希腊神话也不例外,也是一种隐喻思维。希腊神话的结构呈现隐喻性,且希腊神话原型以隐喻方式存在。(2)希腊神话人物和典故中均有大量的创新隐喻现象:动物隐喻、植物隐喻、人名隐喻、技术隐喻、女性隐喻及地名隐喻。(3)同时也分析了使用此类概念隐喻的历史、文化以及社会原因。因为很少有人研究希腊神话中的概念隐喻,本研究不仅帮助英语学习者深入了解对西方语言文化有重要影响的希腊神话,并且还帮助他们提高语言应用能力。本研究着重从概念隐喻角度分析希腊神话这个文本,对希腊神话的隐喻研究还具有理论和现实双重意义。首先,这样不仅弥补了此前对希腊神话中概念隐喻研究的缺乏,也可以为其他神话的概念隐喻研究提供参考;其次,本研究成果可以帮助英语学习者加深对希腊神话及其背后的西方文化的了解,从而有助于提高对英语语言的理解及应用。英语学习者可以在本研究中学习到丰富的概念隐喻,这样结合实例学习晦涩的理论,可以达到事半功倍的效果。同时可以将在希腊神话中学习到的概念隐喻表达应用到自己的实践中,进而对概念隐喻理论以及希腊神话进行广泛的推广。由于多方面的因素的制约,例如可借鉴的其他学者的研究很少,再加上作者本身学术能力不足,对希腊神话中的概念隐喻研究只是基础性的研究,所以会有许多不足之处:首先,本文主要对希腊神话中的词汇进行了隐喻分析,不够全面,也可以从句子的层面上进行分析。其次,本研究只是对希腊神话中的创新概念隐喻类型进行了分析,却没有对传统的概念隐喻类型进行分析。为了对希腊神话的概念隐喻进行深入的分析,针对不足之处作者对以后的学者提出了两条建议:首先,研究者可以分析希腊神话中的结构型概念隐喻,本体型概念隐喻,以及方位型概念隐喻。这样可以使研究更全面;其次,研究者也可以从句子的层面,也就是选取一些希腊神话中隐喻性的句子作为例子,对其进行分析。
[Abstract]:Greek mythology is the soil of Greek art and the source of European literature. Greek mythology is the creation of art and has social and historical values and aesthetic values. Ancient Greek mythology and legends came from Homer or heroic times. This era was from eleventh Century to eighth Century. Greek mythology included two parts: the stories of the gods and the legend of heroes. In the academic world, many experts believe that Homa has widely used myths and epics in the creation of two epics, illite and Odyssey. In addition, Homa's "Homa ode" has gathered a lot of mythology about God. The ancient Greek poet Hesiod wrote the divine book, which described the stories of the gods and the genealogy of the gods. People understand the origin of Greek mythology, the origin of God and the relationship between them provide useful resources. As a whole, Greek mythology has the characteristics of systematization, literature, humanization, openness and providing original ideological resources. In foreign countries, the study of Greek mythology has always been a hot spot for western scholars. In the field of the study of wax mythology, many university teachers combine Greek mythology with English teaching and study their application in English language, culture and literature. In recent years, domestic scholars have begun to use some new literary theories to study Greek mythology influenced by new western theories. After decades of development, Greek mythology has developed at home and abroad. The research results of the wax myth are becoming more mature. With the deepening of cooperation and communication between China and the western countries, the study of Greek mythology will be more diversified in the future. For example, this article will analyze Greek mythology from the perspective of metaphor. The word "metaphor" is from the Greek "metapherein", and "Metapherein" is "meta". "Meta" is a combination of "pherein". The meaning of "pherein" means "transmission", so the meaning of metaphor is the language expression of another thing with some characteristics of one thing. The traditional metaphor is a figure of speech, which can achieve the rhetorical effect by referring to another thing. To express a thing. It can identify the similarities between the two views. Metaphor can help people to be more vivid, more straightforward to understand things and to express their inner thoughts. Conceptual metaphor is a more perfect cognitive way of development on the basis of metaphor. Its research focuses on the theory of conceptual metaphor, the relationship between conceptual metaphor and culture, and the application of conceptual metaphor in other disciplines, including economy, politics, law, literature, myth and so on. In the long course of development, the western traditional metaphorical view has gradually formed a comparative view in the course of development. From the theory of Richard, from the theory of Richard, the study of metaphor has gradually developed to the cognitive field.Lakoff is a symbol of the study of metaphor from the cognitive perspective. He thinks that language is full of metaphorical and metaphorical expressions. He chooses a rich corpus of English language to study, and eventually finds many English expressions. In the field of metaphor research, more and more researchers have studied the connotation of metaphor in the field of metaphor research. It is found that the use of metaphor in language and cognition is closely related to human cognitive thinking. Conceptual metaphor is the human experience in one field to understand or explain the other. The cognitive mechanism of domain experience. People often use specific, familiar, simple, and tangible concepts to understand and experience abstract, unfamiliar, complex and intangible concepts,.1980 Johnson and Lakoff, "the metaphor we rely on for survival" creates a new way of metaphor research, conceptual metaphor has been formally incorporated into cognitive science. Conceptual metaphor theory is an important part of cognitive linguistics. It lays a solid foundation for the development of cognitive linguistics. The cognitive style of metaphorical, especially the narrative perspective of metaphor, can be used to explain the essence of metaphor. Therefore, metaphor is a cognitive interaction process. According to the semantic and pragmatic differences, metaphor can be divided into "conventional metaphor" and "unconventional metaphor". The main research object of the conceptual metaphor theory is conventional metaphor. Besides the conventional metaphor, metaphor has been developing and innovating. According to the different sources of metaphorical source domain, the same conceptual metaphor can be an animal metaphor, a plant metaphor. The main features of conceptual metaphor include systematic, universal and innovative. Metaphor is a basic cognitive way of human beings. It determines the expression of language. The purpose of this study is to cultivate the metaphorical ability of English learners and help English learners, Yang Chengying. The way of thinking is to improve the language ability of the learners fundamentally. Through the study of the Greek mythology reflecting the western culture, we can better understand, interpret and create metaphors. This article tries to collect a large number of conceptual metaphors in the different materials of Greek mythology and based on the theory of the conceptual metaphor of the creative conceptual metaphor. The Greek mythology is a kind of metaphorical thinking, which is a kind of metaphorical thinking that myth can not explain the phenomenon to realize the understanding of the world. It embodies a kind of thought of people at that time. There are many mythologies, among which Greek mythology has always been a hot spot for English learners to study, and Greek mythology reflects the history of ancient Greece, while reflecting the ancient Greek humanity. The Greek mythology shows well the Greeks' literary and artistic ideas and a series of simple ideas related to aesthetic ideas. Greek mythology affects the west, especially the European and American language and culture at its source. "Greek mythology and epic are the most perfect product of the development of human childhood, with a permanent charm." In the process of collecting information, the author found that the study of Greek mythology mainly focused on the human consciousness in Greek mythology, the comparison of the Greek mythology and the influence of Greek Mythology on the English language and literature. The analysis of Greek mythology from the perspective of metaphor is very rare. First, the author read all the contents of three Greek mythology, and finally selected useful data in order to better understand Greek mythology. Secondly, the author based on the conceptual metaphor theory of Lakoff and Johnson to find conceptual metaphors in Greek mythology. Finally, the author of this Some conceptual metaphors are classified, and each conceptual metaphor and the factors that lead to the application of these conceptual metaphors are analyzed in detail. The research methods include quantitative and qualitative analysis. The following three questions are mainly discussed in terms of the conceptual metaphor in Greek Mythology: (1) what is the relationship between Greek mythology and metaphor? (2) What are the conceptual metaphors in Greek mythology? (3) what are the factors that lead to the application of these conceptual metaphors? By analyzing the corpus of part of the Greek mythology, this paper mainly sums up the use of conceptual metaphor in Greek mythology from the two major aspects of the structure and content of Greek mythology, and finds that (1) the myth is actually A metaphorical thinking, the myth that the unexplained phenomenon can be imagined to realize the world, reflecting the thought of the people at that time. The Greek mythology is also a metaphorical thinking. The structure of the Greek mythology is metaphorical, and the Greek mythological prototype exists in the formula of metaphor. (2) the Greek mythology figures and allusions are large. The innovative metaphorical phenomenon of quantity: animal metaphor, plant metaphor, human name metaphor, technical metaphor, female metaphor and geographical name metaphor. (3) the historical, cultural and social reasons of the use of such conceptual metaphors are also analyzed, because few people study the conceptual metaphor in Greek mythology. This study not only helps English learners understand the West in depth. The language culture has an important influence on the Greek mythology and also helps them to improve the language application ability. This study focuses on the analysis of the Greek mythology from the perspective of conceptual metaphor. The study of the metaphor of Greek mythology has both theoretical and practical significance. First, it not only makes up for the lack of the previous study of the conceptual metaphor in Greek mythology. It can also provide reference for the conceptual metaphor study of other mythology. Secondly, the results of this study can help English learners to deepen the understanding of Greek mythology and the western culture behind it, thus helping to improve the understanding and application of the English language. Learning obscure theories in combination with examples can achieve twice the result of half the effort. At the same time, it can apply the expression of conceptual metaphor learned in Greek mythology to its own practice, and further popularize conceptual metaphor theory and Greek mythology. For example, other scholars, for example, are restricted by many factors. Few, in addition to the author's own lack of academic ability, the study of conceptual metaphor in Greek mythology is only a basic study, so there are many shortcomings. First, this paper is mainly a metaphorical analysis of the words in Greek mythology, which is not comprehensive enough and can be analyzed from the sentence level. Secondly, this study is only to Greece. The types of the conceptual metaphor in the mythology are analyzed, but the traditional conceptual metaphor types are not analyzed. In order to analyze the conceptual metaphor of Greek mythology, two suggestions are put forward by the author to the later scholars. First, the researchers can analyze the structural conceptual metaphor in Greek mythology, The conceptual metaphor of body shape, as well as the conceptual metaphor of azimuth, can make the research more comprehensive. Secondly, the researcher can also analyze it from the sentence level, that is, to choose some metaphorical sentences in Greek mythology as examples.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H315

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