同声传译中语块对认知压力缓解作用的研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 07:38

【摘要】：同声传译(以下简称为“同传”)是一项复杂的语言处理活动。在同传过程中,译员借助多种认知和语言手段促进讲者和听众之间的交流。译员必须在极短的“听说时差”(Ear-Voice Span)内,采用多种翻译策略,如信息压缩、解述、预测等,解码源语言信息并将其重新编码为目的语。因此,口译研究的主要方向之一就是探索同传的内在活动机制,用以帮助译员缓解同传过程中的认知压力。本文基于工作记忆理论和语块语言习得理论,从跨学科的角度探索同传中的认知问题。在Cowan的加工套嵌模型(Embedded-Process Model)以及Barrouillet和Camos的基于时间的资源共享模型(Time-Based Resource-Sharing Model)的基础上,作者将提出新的模型,即“注意焦点—资源共享”模型(FoA-TBRS Model),并利用该模型解释认知超负荷和加工延迟之间的内在联系。本文将涉及两个同传实验。其中第一个实验用以验证“注意焦点—资源共享”模型的合理性,证明加工延迟导致认知超负荷,影响口译质量。在第二个实验中,作者将基于“注意焦点-资源共享”模型,分析比较实验组(语块学习组)和对照组(单词学习组)的口译表现,以此证明语块作为存储在记忆中的语意单位可以帮助译员减少加工延迟问题,缓解认知负荷,从而提高整体翻译质量。
[Abstract]:Simultaneous interpretation (hereinafter referred to as simultaneous interpretation) is a complex language processing activity. In simultaneous interpretation, interpreters use a variety of cognitive and linguistic means to facilitate communication between speakers and listeners. The interpreter must adopt a variety of translation strategies, such as information compression, interpretation, prediction, and decoding the source language information and recoding it as the target language, in the very short "time difference of listening and speaking" (Ear-Voice Span). Therefore, one of the main directions of interpreting research is to explore the intrinsic activity mechanism of simultaneous interpretation in order to help the interpreters alleviate the cognitive pressure in simultaneous interpretation. Based on working memory theory and chunk language acquisition theory, this paper explores the cognitive problems in homography from an interdisciplinary perspective. On the basis of Cowan's Machining sleeve Model (Embedded-Process Model) and Barrouillet and Camos's Time-Based Resource sharing Model (Time-Based Resource-Sharing Model), the author will propose a new model. The "focus-resource sharing" model (FoA-TBRS Model),) is used to explain the relationship between cognitive overload and processing delay. This paper will involve two simultaneous interpretation experiments. The first experiment is used to verify the rationality of the "attention focus-resource sharing" model, which proves that processing delay leads to cognitive overload and affects the quality of interpretation. In the second experiment, the author analyzed and compared the interpretation performance of the experimental group (chunks learning group) and the control group (word-learning group) based on the "focus of attention-resource sharing" model. It is proved that chunks as a semantic unit stored in memory can help translators reduce processing delay, ease cognitive load and improve the overall translation quality.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H315.9

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